Space program contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Space program contrast - Essay Example There is some speculation that spending more money on the space program in the United States is not wise when there are so many problems within this world. However, the Chinese have established an active space program, owed to the efforts of Qian Xuesen (Tsien Hsue-Shen), with the Japanese making efforts towards space, thus suggesting that the United States needs to continue technological advancements in order to continue to compete on many levels of national importance. In comparing the United States to China and Japan, an understanding of the US position in the space race can contribute to examining the future of the US space program. The first manned flight into space happened in in April of 1961 by Yuri Gagarin originating from the Soviet Union, with the first US manned space flight occurring on May 5 of the same year with Alan Shepard achieving that honor. The space race was occurring between the United States and the Soviet Union, a race that was as much about competing and dif fering ideologies as it was about national pride. The Americans spent 25.5 billion dollars to be the first on the moon, a promise that President Kennedy made to the public in saying that the US would put a man on the moon by the end of the decade.1 Despite the loss of President Kennedy in 1963, the American public would not be denied this dream and on July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong took the first known human steps onto the moon, winning this victory against the race that was being waged against the USSR.2 Japan has yet to put a man into space, but is entering into the race with a spirit of cooperation. Japan can give Dr. Hiteo Itokawa as the originating scientist who advanced their program which is now the third nation in spending on their program.3 As a cooperating member of the European Space Agency, Japan put in 2.6 billion dollars into the program in 2006, with Russia putting in 1.5 billion and India putting in 900 million in that year.4 The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, or JAXA has entered into a global effort to explore space, this being done as a result of the enormous costs of space exploration without cooperative global efforts. Japanese astronauts have gone into space with international groups, most recently astronaut Koichi Wakata being chosen to be part of a team to go to the international space station for the 38th/39th mission, having been on a previous mission in 2009 for four months.5 Japan provides an example of how global cooperation leads to national advantages in technologically challenging fields of interest. Cooperation does have its disadvantages for the United States. History has shown that collaboration ultimately ends up in a slowed pace on accomplishing goals and creates greater costs. When the International Space Station was being built, Russia was years late in delivering its hardware and NASA’s costs became out of control. In contributing only 5% of the total financial contribution, Russia has benefited from 40% of the facilities on the station and made billions through the sale of the hardware created to other nations.6 Cooperation with China has a larger problem then creating potential undo costs and delays for the United States. China does not provide transparency, which means much of its work in space technologies is kept as a national secret. Creating a sense of trust would be a difficult task, an issue that is vital to creating true collaboration. In September

The Teachings of Isaiah and Their Relevance to the Contemporary Reader Essay Example for Free

The Teachings of Isaiah and Their Relevance to the Contemporary Reader Essay Isaiah, 30. 21 Isaiah (meaning â€Å"the Lord saves†) was a prophet who lived in Jerusalem about 2700 years ago and is considered â€Å"one of the greatest figures in the prophetic series† (Blunt 1953: 49). Little information is known Isaiah the man, and what information exists is often contradictory or ambiguous. What Charpentier (1982) gathers from his writing is that he had a wife (known as the prophetess) and three children. Isaiah’s most famous prophecy was that of the birth of Jesus when he wrote, â€Å"Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:14) but his other writings are also often accredited with being some of the most accurate of all the prophets. So prominent is the reality that those who preserved a knowledge concerning Isaiah have done so with a sole interest in his message surely stresses its importance to the contemporary reader. Due to its geographical location between the strong nations of the Egyptians, Persians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans and Assyrians it was rare to have a time when Canaan was not under attack. What is more, after the death of Solomon the kingdom was divided in two, with Israel to the North and Judah to the south remaining under the rule of David. In 721 BC Assyria invaded from the north and conquered the northern capital Samaria. Therefore when Isaiah undertook his ministry in 736 BC, the year that Uzziah died, the north and south were divided, and soon after, the â€Å"northern kingdom was in turmoil† (Charpentier, 1982:20). It has been contested by many scholars (Clements Heaton)that the book of Isaiah has in fact been written by more than one person. This is due to the variations in writing style, tone throughout the book. Furthermore, at different parts of the book, the political situation Isaiah refers to seems to change, some information coming from a time after he was thought to have ended his ministry. Some claim that the book is merely a collection of teachings from numerous writers, but it is generally accepted that there were three main authors, due to the trio of defined preaching styles evident in the book. The author of the first section is known as â€Å"Isaiah of Jerusalem† in which the prophet denounces Israels prejudice and foolish trust in rituals, and he calls the people to repent. The second section, by Deutero-Isaiah is thought to encompass chapters 40-55 and refers to the time Isaiah’s people spent in exile in the sixth century BC. This period is after Isaiah had allegedly finished his ministry. The final section of the book spans the entire period from Isaiah’s call to ministry, to the return to Jerusalem after exile. Whilst these differences provide substantial evidence against a sole author, it must be noted that there are similarities throughout the book. Phrases are repeated and certain prophecies refer to messages in other prophecies. Therefore, the existence of more than one author can be seen as an advantage as wider time-frame has been covered, and yet the teaching has remained constant; by listening to God’s message you will receive his saving mercy. Judgement and redemption† (Clements, 1980: 17) are the core themes of Isaiah, but the manner in which this message is conveyed varies throughout. The chapters below outline the key focuses of Isaiah’s teachings and their relevance for today. The opening chapter serves to introduce Isaiah’s prophecies in an open and direct manner. From the very outset the tone is one of disappointment and anger as he presents the message from God, â€Å"I have nourished and brought up my children and they have rebelled against meâ⠂¬  (Isaiah 1:2). Isaiah, who was a strong supporter in the Davidic dynasty, used the term â€Å"Yahweh† (meaning â€Å"God of Israel†) throughout his writing, to convey the strength of his belief that Israel as a whole nation was God’s chosen people and so should not be divided. In this chapter he expresses his disgust at the division between North and South, and at King Ahaz’s acceptance of allegiance with Assyria at the expense of the Northern kingdom; â€Å"Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence. † (Isaiah 1:7). To him this signified movement away from their duty as the chosen people and thus deserted God. He condemns the people’s hedonistic acts such as corruption, excessive amounts of festivals and, â€Å"vain oblations† (Isaiah 1:13). What is more he warned that if the people did not change their ways, God would turn away from them and, â€Å"when ye make your prayers I will not hear them† (Isaiah 1:15). However, Isaiah made clear that not all was lost, and stressed that if they did repent, the people would receive forgiveness and though their â€Å"sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. (Isaiah 1:18). In short this chapter allows Isaiah to show the people the error of their ways and explain their need to repent. Just as the people of Judah and strayed from God’s message and become preoccupied with worldly ventures, today’s society is full of materialistic desires that can consume one’s attentions. Isaiah’s message is relevant to the contemporary reader in the sense that attending Church and participating in religious festivals is often viewed by today’s society as adequate in affirming one’s faith. However, it is the living out of God’s message daily that pleases God, such as helping others without the expectation of thanks, having an open mind and keeping true to your Christian values, especially when it is most difficult. In Chapter 6 Isaiah reveals how he was called to his ministry through a vivid vision of God. As this is the point when Isaiah is sent by God, his mission is clearly stated; that he must go to the people and make them understand God’s message so that they could â€Å"convert and be healed† (Isaiah 6:10). What is significant about this chapter is the tone of awe and wonder with which Isaiah speaks of God. This vision was sufficient to sustain him through the rest of his ministry, even when the people repeatedly refused to listen, as God knew they would. The strength of Isaiah’s faith should provide inspiration to any reader, contemporary or otherwise. Indeed this passage has inspired the prayer â€Å"Holy, Holy, Holy Lord† and hymn â€Å"Here I am Lord† for this very reason. As in chapter one, this chapter re-iterates the warning that judgement day will come and those who have not repented shall be punished. This passage further prophesises that there will be â€Å"a great forsaking in the midst of the land† but that â€Å"it [the people] shall return† (Isaiah 6:12-13). This refers to half a century the people would spend in exile before returning to Jerusalem late into the 5th Century BC. Today, due to technological and scientific advancements it has become more and more difficult to impress us as a society, but here Isaiah’s awe at the presence of God should remind us of the awesome power that one can barely begin to fathom. This teaching reminds one that it is not necessary to see to believe but that one should keep an open mind and heart to receive God’s message. What is more, just as when Isaiah was called he answered by taking action, today’s society is called too and each individuals actions can contribute to the attainment of a common goal, whether that be ending world poverty, caring for the environment or achieving world peace. Chapter 41, whilst allegedly from a different author continues Isaiah’s message with a noticeable change in tone. This can largely be attributed to the fact that at the time, the people of Jerusalem were in exile and thus the tone is one of comfort and reassurance. The God portrayed in this passage one of compassion and mercy, as the people are assured that â€Å"I have chosen thee and not cast thee away† (Isaiah 41:9). The people are given hope as Isaiah tells them that God knows the future will bode well for the Israelites; â€Å"Fear thy not†¦ for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee. † (Isaiah 41:10) This chapter also foretells the coming of the hero Cyrus who would free the Israelites by defeating Babylon. Today the contemporary reader can gain a sense of reassurance from this text that it is never too late to turn back to God and that regardless of past sins; true repentance will allow one to experience the saving mercy of God. What is more it teaches us that God knows what is to come and we must have faith to trust in him, even if sometimes it is difficult to understand how his mercy works. Regardless of arguments over the contributions of authors other than Isaiah to the writing of this book, I believe the message of Isaiah’s teachings (which are constant throughout the book) can be of value to contemporary readers. In fact the large time-span covered by the writings can only serve as advantageous as it allows us to see a people who in a time of relative peace had strayed from God’s message distracted by materialistic desires, then a people punished and in despair, but in the end a people with a hopeful future. This range of situations allows us to see God’s work from various angles, whilst the message of his saving mercy remains ever-prevailing. Such a message will remain of value to Christians throughout the centuries.

Opportunities To Cadbury Products In The Olympic City Marketing Essay

Opportunities To Cadbury Products In The Olympic City Marketing Essay Cadbury Plc. is a confectionary giant holding first or second positions in more than twenty of the worlds largest confectionary markets, with an exceptionally good portfolio of toffee, chocolate, energy drinks and other milk products. In 1824 a shop was opened by John Cadbury in Birmingham for the sale of chocolates some other cocoa products, thus begun the quest of Cadbury to conquer the taste buds of millions. In January 2010, Kraft Foods took over Cadbury Plc. Cadbury is the official treat provider of the 2012 London Olympic Paralympic games. This will give exclusive marketing opportunities to Cadbury products in the Olympic city. Cadbury has a very good reputation in the market, they believe in the business culture Doing good is good for business. Currently Cadbury functions in more than sixty countries around the globe with around 35000 suppliers and employee population of around 45000 people. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH This research report is done to discuss the influence on the decision making in marketing of the Cadbury Plc. by the macro environment for the last one year. SWOT PESTLE analyses on Cadbury Plc. were carried out to solve queries raised during the research. SWOT analysis will help Cadbury Plc. in decisions making processes in their future years. This research work also illustrates marketing strategies experimented by the Cadbury Plc. to ensure their position in the confectionary market. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND Head office of Cadbury Plc. locates in Middlesex, United Kingdom with organizational network coverage all around the globe. In confectionary industry Cadbury owns most trusted popular brands like Dairy Milk, Eclairs, Halls, Bourn Vita, 5 Star, Perk, etc. Cadbury products are available in over sixty countries in the World. Cadbury has a very strong momentum in its emerging markets such as India, Africa Middle East. In developed markets like UK US, Cadbury performs its robust growth without losing their market monopoly. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PLAN: Data Collection in investigative approach is performed as the research plan for this report. DATA GATHERING ANALYSIS: Sources of data is classified into Primary and Secondary sources of data. Primary sources are research papers or theories. In this research information are collected from secondary sources such as journals, management magazines, books from college library, websites. SWOT PESTAL analysis were carried out to solve some queries while dealing with the research. PROOF Macro environment has a good command over marketing decisions taken by an organization. In this case we are checking whether the macro environment has a positive impact on the marketing decision making of Cadbury or not and how. Macro environment deals with elements which stay outside the organization so management cannot control them. Macro environment consists of countless factors which can affect an organizations decision making, business strategies, product development altogether performance. Examples of some of these factors are variation in price, demographic factors, strategy of competitors, interest of the customers, economical factors, government orders, demand, supply, technical issues etc. PESTEL ANALYSIS: THE MARKETING OF CADBURY POLITICAL Political conditions of the area where the company market its product can affect the business of that particular organization greatly. Political uncertainty of the locality can disturb the business badly. Sometimes organizations can make use of the political situations to develop their business. Thus the political factors can sometimes harm the organization sometimes favour the organization. In UK the government is much concerned about the health issues of the people. Government spends millions of pound every year on health issues like obesity heart diseases. Chocolate can be a reason for above mentioned health disorders, the government is very strict in the implementation of food safety act. In 2002, Cadbury India Ltd. faced objections from political parties of India after telecasting the advertisement of their new brand, Temptations. Indian print politics accused, Cadbury is making advantage on Kashmir issue. So the company should have good awareness on all political issues which can affect their business to keep their reputation. ECONOMIC Monetary factors are another important feature which can decide the destiny of an organization in a society. Economic instability of the surroundings will question the existence of the organization. Organization may force to compromise on their policies with respect to their economic background and also according to the economic factors in the locality. Economic growth, fluctuating value of money, inflation or deflation can decide an organizations future. The recent global economic crisis affected Cadbury Plc. and their products like other industries. Company was forced to reduce their production as the consumption of confectionaries reduced in a large scale. Multinational companies like Cadbury cannot follow same pricing for same product all around the globe as the economic situations money value are differ with countries. A chocolate sold for  £1 in UK cannot be sold for the respective converted amount in India as people cannot afford the pricing. SOCIAL Peculiarities of the society such as culture, traditions, ethics, moral values, religion can make effect on an organization directly or indirectly. Chocolates are still a luxury material to the poor who work in cocoa plantations in Ghana. Chocolate consumers in poor countries are very less in number as people think consuming an expansive confectionary in a poor society is against their moral values. Veganism prohibits the use of animals for food, clothing, consumption of milk, egg, dairy products etc. Chocolate is a dairy product and thus chocolate is an abandoned food for Veganists. TECHNOLOGICAL Scientific research resulted technological advancement in production techniques with postmodern tools and machines. This helped conventional production methods to have an upgrade according to the demand. Introduction of new effective technologies will increase the product quality as well product quantity this will help the organization to achieve their goals objectives. Latest technology is a must in the field of food beverage producing companies. Cadbury always keep their eyes toward latest technologies which can be used in their organization. Effective advanced packing methods are adopted to keep their products unique among other chocolate products. Cadbury has a skilled technical team to develop advertisements for showing in Television, Internet other visual media. Cadbury also has a very good website with all details regarding their organization, products history. LEGAL Rules or laws by the government come under legal factors. Iimplementation of new business regulations or taxation by the government can make trouble to the organization; in other hand favourable moves from the government such as relaxation of taxes will helpful for the organization. Companies should follow government regulations laws strictly; violation of these rules will lead the company to have legal issues with the government. Other legal issues such as patent laws, quality maintaining health will also affect the wellbeing of an organization. In 2007 Wrigley filed a lawsuit against Cadbury in Australia; accusing Cadbury imitated patent protected hard-coated gum of Wrigley. Health of the citizens is a very important issue before the government. In 2003 a case was filed in Maharastra High court, India against Cadbury India Ltd. after confirming a worm infection in some batches of Dairy Milk. ENVIRONMENTAL Environmental issues natural factors directly affect the business production of an organization. Natural factors are unpredictable uncontrollable by an organization. Natural disasters like earthquake, fire, storm etc. can affect organizations in a very bad manner. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material. Cadbury Plc. use plastic covering to wrap chocolate products. After consumption of chocolates these wrappers are wastes and this pollutes the environment. Now the company is doing research regarding the use of Biodegradable plastic coverings as wrappers. Temperature is an environmental factor which can deform the shape taste of chocolate products. SWOT ANALYSIS ON CADBURYS MARKETING Identifying the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats is a very important task in every industry. SWOT analysis is an effective strategy which is commonly adopted by organizations in medium large levels. SWOT analysis plays a vital role in the prospective decision making of an organization. Company can work accordingly and come across a good result once they properly recognize the threats and opportunities. Strength of a company is the advantage they currently hold in the market. Identifying the weaknesses will help the company to take necessary steps to troubleshoot those failures. STRENGTH S Cadbury products are well recognized well known for their outstanding quality. Chocolate brands of Cadbury Plc. have a very good reputation in the business world. Maintaining good relationship with the customer is a must for any organization. Due to Cadburys excellent customer association and product innovation, Cadbury has lifelong customers who trust in the tag of Cadbury. Cadbury products are being marketed in over sixty countries, giving them the opportunity of having the largest marketing network in confectionary world. Cadbury is the official treat provider of the 2012 London Olympic Paralympic games. This will give unique privileges in marketing product reorganization as official Olympic brand to Cadbury Plc. products in future business. WEAKNESSES Cadbury products are pricier than local confectionaries. This will adversely affect the Cadbury products in poor economies some emerging markets. Public expectation of Cadbury products is very high; this fact may put the company in pressure. In UK production cost of Cadbury chocolates is higher as their manufacturing is done within the country. Errors in packing manufacturing processes cause microbial infections in chocolate products. Infection of Salmonella bacteria in Chocolate products is an example. Chocolate products are fatty, dietary options in chocolates are still unavailable. OPPORTUNITIES Cadbury currently operates around sixty countries with very good business reputation. Company has the opportunity to widen their business in new markets. Cadbury products have a great brand value customer satisfaction records, this will help the company to survive in critical situations. Cadbury is the leader in confectionary business for the last many decades; this reputation is helpful to expand their product range to food beverage industry other than confectionary business. Cadbury can take over other brands in their developed, emerging new markets. This will help the company to have advantage in business. E.g.: Cadbury took over Green Blacks the premium chocolate brand in May 2005. THREATS Cadbury faces threats from Nestle, their competitor in confectionary business. Cost of production, transportation raw materials are increasing day by day with respect to the economic uncertainty of the markets. Governments change laws / regulations for quality and production of food beverages companies. Implementation of these new laws makes the company to cancel proposed marketing plans. STUDY ON CADBURYS MARKETING OBJECTIVES PESTEL SWOT analyses can benefit Cadbury Plc. in their prospective decision making. SWOT analysis on Cadbury Plc. describes the current status of the company in confectionary market.

Dichotomy of Colors in Poes The Masque (Mask) of the Red Death Essay

Dichotomy of Colors in The Masque of Red Death  Ã‚   In "The Masque of Red Death," Poe uses aural, visual, and kinetic images to create the effect of fear in a joyful masque. Poe starts off with a description of the "Red Death." He gives gory detail of how it seals one's fate with Blood. He tells of pain, horror and bleeding. Moreover, the pestilence kills quickly and alienates the sick. This is Poe's image of death. He only bothers to tell it's symptoms. He doesn't go into the fear present in the lives of people with the disease. He describes the scene of redness and blood streaming from the pores, the face. His description of the afflicted's pain also adds to the graphically explicit exposà © of the red death disease. The red death image is morbid and has a modern day counterpart that aids Poe in creating a wonderfully horrific scene. Many of the symptoms mentioned in Poe's red death fit the modern day Ebola. Both diseases are of unknown origin and attack quickly causing massive bleeding. Just as Ebola turned the society in Africa u pside down, Red Death encourages desperate Prospero to put up iron gates to protect himself. This disease is meant to cause fear in the people. Referring to Red Death, Poe draws comparisons to an Avatar, a god sent image. It implies a god given invincibility to Red Death and dooms the victim to alienation from society and a painful death. Just looking at the description -- imagining the scene -- creates that fear and horror. In contrast to the morbid images associated with red death, Poe describes a group of happy masqueraders. The central figure among the joyous people is Prince Prospero who, as suggested by his name, is prosperous and has tons of entertainment. He is not worried because his wh... ... go. That fear, manifested as Red Death, "stood erect and motionless within the shadow of the ebony clock ..." and all fall in death with his presence. Even the clock "went out with that of the last of the gay." Poe paints a dichotomy of bright, varied, and interesting colors contrasting with dark black. These colors blend, even though one may fight and try to protect itself against the other. Using aural as well as visual images, Poe presents to the reader the clock, a symbol for time, which lurks as an enemy waiting to unleash an inevitable horror on the masses. With this inevitable and explosive mixing, Poe paints a picture of happiness, gaiety, and liveliness, that decays into a dark abyss of the last, black apartment. Works Cited   Poe, Edgar Allen. "The Mask of the Red Death." The Works of Edgar Allen Poe. Ann Arbor, MI: State Street Press. 482-487.

The Highlight Reel of Marxism in American Football

Abstract: During many weeks in 2010, the Football dilemma started to arise as a social issue in society. Raising the question of what should be done if any by the National Football League to prevent traumatic and sometimes deadly hits on the field. Varying degrees of opinions as to what should be done; questions include inquiring on the ethics of the NFL and their lack of safety toward players as any kind of progressive movement. Stagnate would be the suitable term to use as describing the action taken by the NFL. Since the years of President Theodore Roosevelt, who wanted football outlawed in the 1900’s. The president himself could not enact the needed changes. American football is one of the largest industries in the nation with an overwhelming abundance of financial resources. So the question arises, why has there not been any fundamental change in the game or even changes in the guidelines that govern the sport? The answer would be Marxism. This paper will define NFL’s match to the Marxist perspective in their handling of players and their stagnant approach to change. This is a social a problem that relates to every aspect of society including the demise of the American family. This paper will also define the Marxism theory in relation the American football and the mental health epidemic caused by the dangers of the game. In recent weeks, the full contact sport of football has made headlines in America. There have been an overwhelming amount of injuries due to high impact contact to the head, which leads to various head injuries such as, concussions, spinal cord injuries, and deaths. According to Barry Wilner, The National Football League only represents a fraction of men playing the deadly sport. Colleges, universities, high schools, and middle schools have an overwhelming amount of young men who are amateur players. Many of these players suffer from some of the same forms of injuries and deaths as their pro counterparts playing in the National Football League. Leaving many to wonder the lag in the responsiveness for the NFL to make drastic changes after all the NFL is only has approx 1,900 players a season, leaving the separate class structures such as high school football and college football to absorb the majority of injuries related to football ndustry. In an article published by Paul Tenorino in, The Washington Post, he interviews George Atallah the assistant executive director of external affairs for the National Football League Players Association says, â€Å"He hoped the recent actions taken by the NFL and its players would help create a trickledown effect about the proper way to handle a concussion. † Based upon the actions and the structure of American football and NFL the majority of change is needed on lower levels within its system such as high school and middle school that represents more than 3. million players. Statistics do not lie. The numbers are the numbers. The vast majority of injuries are occurring outside of the National Football League. In a recent report published by Richard C. Senelick M. D has: Determined that there are only 1,900 active NFL players each season; There are more than 3 million children playing football at the youth level and 1. 2 million more playing high school football levels This report does not count the numerous collegiate athletes that play the sport. Colleges and universities along with various secondary education institutions have an epidemic on their hands and something needs to change, †¦he has estimated that a college lineman experiences over 1,000 sub-concussive head hits in an average season. He further goes on to say that a line man in the 3 point stance is the most vulnerable of all the players to a brain injury. Explanation in the lack of commitment in the prevention of injuries from the National Football League can be related to the need for power and the valued economics of the professional athletic system that is described as the Marxist Theory, by taking that approach to football the National Football League developed system that only benefits them. According to Barry Wilner, â€Å"The National Football League has begun raising fines for illegal hits from the average $5,000 to $10,000 to now $50,000 and $75,000 and has even implemented suspensions for repeated illegal blows. Raising fines and illegal hit, but not changing how the game is played, taking money from the players/workers in order to promote change but not implementing change or being specific to what hits are no longer allowed. Is the money that is taken from fines of players at the professional used in research to develop safer equipment in order to create safer play? No, it is given directly to the pockets of the NFL, and its governing organization. In Marxist theory, human society and community consists of two parts: Base and Superstructure. The base structure is the material relation and condition of production – division of labor, property relation, employer/employee, slave/master condition and relation. The relations of the base structure fundamentally determines and influences society's other ideas and conditions, namely the Superstructure – arts, institutions, state, habits, customs, cultural representations like, law, philosophy, science, sports and etc. We can see this example portrayed out in the design of football in America linked to society within in its class structures of football from pee wee, to middle school, to high school, to college to NFL. According to Imani Cheers, â€Å"Studies have shown that amateur players run a higher risk of head injuries that those in The National Football League. † All linking classes are a step up from the other one; allowing the National Football League to draw upon the usage of varying football players. Example: at the age of six little Johnny and his father sit together and enjoy a game of Monday night football, Johnny’s father emotions become ecstatic when little Johnny announces to everyone that he now wants to play football. Little Johnny’s father begins working with him showing him passes catches , the proper way to tackle and ultimately how to become a â€Å"real man† by playing football. Soon, Johnny is registered for peewee league and in now fully indoctrinated into the system set up so well to train that allows the National football league to groom and condition them into their system. Playing in leagues that are not under any professional governing authority, regulations are not decided based on the protection of the younger player, medical guidelines are not based on the requirements set by standards from any medical organization who would know that; the bone plates in a young child’s head does not full fuse together till after the age of twenty. This allows the younger players to be very sustepiable to head injuries vs their much older professional counter parts. Eventually, Johnny is known for being dedicated to his favorite sport, in middle school Johnny respect for the game and his training teaches him to take risk’s on the field trying plays that he has never been fully trained on how to carry out. Soon developing the approach to allow risk taking is a permissible and even heroic if you just win the game. High school for Johnny brings more challenges and opportunity hoping to be spotted by a college scout and achieving the status of â€Å"real man† an occasional injury occurs from time to ime, but nothing Johnny cannot walk off and then return back to the game. Finally, a respectable college notices Johnny’s dedication and, determination to the sport, they offer him a scholarship if he will play for their school; bringing with it the dream of possibly being drafted into the National Football League. Johnny declares his value as a man to society, with the show of wealth and riches by his multimillion-dollar contract; he finally receives as pay to participate in his loved sport. Johnny begins his college football career with high hopes. As a college freshman he does well at practices and the coach decides to make him a second string lineman allowing him the opportunity to develop his football skills and sharpen his aptitude on the field. His second year playing college ball he is allowed more playing time during game but is not moved up and a first string lineman, giving him even more opportunity to develop his tackling regimen, after a couple of head injuries he is benched for the season, hoping he will recover by the start of the next season. The next season, Johnny’s junior year, he is watched even more by coaches and supporting staff to make sure here are no issues from the previous season’s injuries. After a few games Johnny is finally moved up to first string lineman, allowing him the opportunity to achieve higher stats, he is further conditioned to play hurt, walking off the field and letting anyone know that he has just had his â€Å"bell rung† will only reduce the chance of him being able to play. Without pay, Johnny continues to play, sacrificing all for stats and the hopeful future of being drafted. Finally, Johnny’s senior year, he makes first-string lineman; and is allowed to start the game, giving him even greater need to cover up injuries. During the middle of his senior year, he is injured and benched only for the following next play, he returns to the line of scrimmage; back playing he is knocked around, proving to himself that being a man means to play under any circumstance no matter what. Eventually, he is noticed by professional scouts who take an interest in him because of his dedication to the game and his sacrifice of playing hurt for his team. After all the hard work he finally is a third round draft pick. Placing Johnny in the top ninety men eligible for recruitment after college, by the professional league and finally earning wages for the sacrifices to his body he has made all these years. The system within the football structure shows a varying display of the different class categories within the professional football league; that organize in the same way as the Marxist set up of workers. Starting at the bottom and working your way up through promotions or to the top, the difference is that the football system requires years of hard work and sacrifice without pay until you reach the very top or professional level. The lower class levels in the system are not monitored by any labor board or governing body to insure the safety of players, because all players go without pay until the professional level is reached. All levels have the same positions; same amount of players on the field, and safety equipment. The majority of the rules are the same with the exception of weight limits in the peewee league. There are not weight limits in any of the other categories of football. In the peewee league, in order to play you can weigh up to a certain amount for position in which you carry the ball, and then after that weight is exceeded, you can only be a center guard or tackle. Meaning, you can have a seventy- five pound quarterback, which is at the top of the weight scale, and the tackle can weigh two hundred pounds. Varying weights depend on each league rules, within that division. Those divisions is not monitored, by any professional division, only until you play sports within an educational system does a league have governing bodies, charter rules, medical restrictions. Allowing football to becoming more and more dangerous of a sport as the chain of classes develops up the line of class structure by allowing bigger players and no regulation or guidelines monitored by professionals. Marx would tell you, that the type of sport that plays in a given society would precisely reflect its economic/production basis. All of this given in higher economical societies (superstructure) are reflected and directly influenced by their historical material/economic means; Marxism, the doctrine that the state throughout history has been a device for the exploitation of the masses by a dominant class. That class struggle has been the main agency of historical change, and that the capitalist system, will after a period of dictatorship of the proletariat, be superseded by a socialist order and a classless society. Marxist sociology is based around five main theories that hypothesis as to how a society functions. Historical materialism, which portrays human history as a series of conflicts resulting from an old systems reshaped to fit the interest of the current society. The theory of surplus value, which describe how the capitalist make a profit from those who they employ; class division and struggle . Which, examine the bourgeois and the proletariat and how they conflict; alienation of the proletariat through the means and methods of the bourgeois. The â€Å"theory of politics† explains how the inevitable transition of capitalism to communism in a society. The theory of surplus value explains, the way in which capitalists exploit consumers and make a profit from the goods that they sell. The capitalists own the raw material and the means to work with them. Profit, is then added to the raw material through necessary labor from the payment of workers to work with the raw material labor and the payment of labor, longer working hours and cheaper pay for the workers, which together allow the production of more for less. The goods are the sold for more money that was received, was paid to receive, and was paid to have the goods produced. This process means that capitalists make a profit from the workers and consumers that both produce and consume their products. These capalists’ methods are clearly visible in professional football as identified by Brohm, as the spectator sport of commodity, which sells football along normal capitalist lines. Examples of these capitalist processes are illustrated and discussed in the text, Sport: a prison of measured time, authored by J. M Brohm. In the text, Brohm provides twenty theses on sports, eleven of which discuss the birth of modern capitalist sport. All the structures of present day sport tie in to bourgeois, capitalist society† (Brohm 1978, p. 47). Some of these illustrate how capitalists use the systems present in society in order to make a profit. For a start the very existence of sport on the scale at which it is now played can be attributed to the capitalist bourgeois society, as summarized by Brohm who said, â€Å"Sport is a direct consequence of the level of development under the productive forces under capitalism† (1978, p. 176). What he means by this, is that due to the mechanization of the workforce by capitalists in order to produce more for less, workers found that they had more free time; time in which they took up sport as a form of recreation. This occurred during the industrial revolution, which meant that improved travel and communications allowed newly formed teams to organize, travel and play matches during the free time that they now had. Notice that, the free time, travel and communications that were now available to the working class were all controlled by the bourgeois, -allowing them to effectively continue to profit from the working class population. The way sports operate can easily be compared to how companies operate in the business sector – different sports compete for viewers (who are effectively consumers as they pay money to the clubs for merchandise or viewing purposes), and the relationships with which the athletes have with the team owners are very similar to wage relations between company managers and workers. Brohm stated that, â€Å"The capitalists of sport appropriate players and athletes who thus become their wage laborer’s† (1978, p. 76). This view on football enhances feelings that it is as an enterprise more than a competitive form of game used to entertain the viewer – a consequence of football adopted by capitalists as another form of profit. Football players are similar to the workers in the Marxist system – who sells their labor to someone who is willing to pay them. The capitalist then make a profit from the athlete by using them to create entertainment that will draw larg e crowds who will pay to watch the player perform. How much the employer makes from the player is determined by the law of supply and demand – if the player has a skill which is not found commonly then people will pay more to watch them and the employer makes a greater profit. Brohm said athletes of, â€Å"Amateurism ceased to exist a long time ago. All top level sportsmen are professional performers in the muscle show,† meaning that all top level sport is no longer about playing a fair but competitive game; it is about people making a profit (Brohm 1978, p. 176). This action is demonstrated in the NFL’s, lack to make significant changes to the structure in which the game is played. Instead of making changes in the structure, the NFL fines players for aggressive tackles, and further pockets the money. Never considering the health of players to be important enough to ensure their safety, head injuries are a major concern to the lives of the players. The future lives of players and the quality of daily living is not being considered when the 3 million children playing football at the youth level and 1. million more playing high school football level, are not protected against the sport of football. There remains a significant issue with medical care, monitoring, guidelines and problems with equipment. The NFL instead for pushing for regulation changes in the lower class structure, â€Å"hope a change in dealing with concussions,† will be a result of the NFL fining players. Knowing that the lower structures are where they draw their future players from, they refuse to implement real changes that require the structure as a whole to change. Changing the whole structure, as we know it today would ensure healthier players, giving the majority of players, longer playing time. Longer playing times in the lives of professional players would cost the NFL more money in contracts, health insurance, and retirement pension. No change in the system guarantees the future profits for the teams, and guarantees the NFL an abundance of already trained players, therefore relieving them any responsibility, or commitment in protecting the health of future football players. Football can therefore be identified as just another tertiary sector in the capitalist system where large amounts of money is stood to be made by investors who hire athletes to essentially sell to consumers, â€Å"Economic trusts, banks and monopolies have taken over the financial side of sporting activity, which has become a prized source of capitalist profits† Brohm (1978, p. 177). Attempts by capitalists to maximize the profits they are making is shown by the increasing number of competitions and games that are played during each season in order to increase the number of people who come to watch. In addition to adding more game every year, the games rise in costs. It is not just the viewing rights that capitalists make money from, In order to increase profits further, we can see the production of goods and products, produced with necessary and surplus labor. Advertising rights being sold for money and the establishment of a sports betting industry all of which are sold for a greater cost than was used to produce them, allowing capitalists to benefit further from the sports industry, Leading to the support of hegemony. Football is a place where we can see the use of hegemony through sport is in class structure and social stratification. Sage, defines social stratification as, â€Å"structures that cause social inequality among groups of people† (1998, p. 35). This involves the bourgeois class using various methods of power to oppress the proletariat class football provide the bourgeois with a prime opportunity to do this. â€Å"The dominant classes control over the working class peoples free time was manifested in sports†(Hargreaves 1986 p. 85). One of the ways that the bourgeois established control over the playing and administration of sports was that when sports were initially becoming popular among society. Football first played and taught at schools where the majority of pupils came from families of high social status. According to Sage, â€Å"Students of these colleges, that played American Football, when it first achieved popularity, were overwhelmingly from wealthy families† (Sage 1998, p. 44). Apart from not being present in the places where sport was evolving and improving, people from lower class backgrounds also had another disadvantage in that they had less money. Which limited how much access they could have to sport even if it was available to them, â€Å"the higher the economic status, the higher the sports involvement (Sage 1998 p. 44). † These factors meant that by the time working class people were consistently able to participate in sport, the bourgeois class were already in control of game formats, equipment and location, allowing them to continue to oppress the proletariat class of society through sport as well as other social mechanisms.

Case study on Managing Resistance Essay

What lessons about power, politics and resistance, in relation to organizational change, do you draw from this study? Resistance: Resistance to change is the act of opposing or struggling with modifications or transformations that alter the status quo in the workplace. Politics in resistance to change management – As based on the case study, it shows the confliction of interests and politics were the main reason deterring the necessary changes that should be implemented when the problem was identify. As the reward power of leaders will find all ways of means to suppress any emergent resistance which therefore forming an obstacle towards the possible change of the culture or risk management practices. -Despite the consequence, Paul Moore voiced out the problem ignoring the resistance from the upper management (Senior Executives) and managed to identify the issues that was happening 1) The company secretary failed to minute crucial comments he made at a formal board meeting reporting his investigation that the sales culture at HBOS had got out of control. 2) During the report for the group auditing meeting, problems such as systems and controls, risk management and the sales culture that he identify was intentionally being left out of the reports that should be represented to the auditing committee. 3) An ex-sales manager who had no experience of risk management was appointed as the group risk director after Moore was dismissed. 4) A close friend of the HBOS chairman was appointed as the chairman of the risk control committee who had no knowledge in banking or credit risk management to oversea such a vital position which were meant to challenge the chairman if problems arise. Five tips for: Managing resistance 1. Do change management right the first time 2. Expect it 3. Address it formally 4. Identify the root causes 5. Engage the â€Å"right† resistance managers

Robert Herrick essays

Robert Herrick essays Sometimes authors were so famous that we know almost too much about them. Nobody can ever not find enough information writers like Shakespeare and Chaucer. Then there are others that there is almost nothing about them. However, historians have managed to find a happy medium for Robert Herrick, author of To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, to write a biography long enough to satisfy anyone, or at least long enough to fill two pages. Robert Herrick was born in London on August 24, 1591 to a goldsmith named Nicholas. Soon after Nicholas death, Herrick was apprenticed to his uncle, William Herrick, who was a jeweler. In 1614, when he decided to leave his apprenticeship, Robert Herrick journeyed to Cambridge University to study and became a Bachelor of Arts in 1617. In 1620, Herrick became a Master of Arts at St. Johns, Cambridge University. While at Cambridge, Robert Herrick became the eldest member of the poets group Sons of Ben. Sons of Ben was a group that studied and idolized Ben Johnson, a poet and playwright born in the late 15th Century. Herrick is regarded by many as someone who revived the spirit of the ancient classic lyric. After receiving his M.A. from Cambridge, Robert Herrick devoted his life to his religious beliefs. On April 24, 1623 he was ordained an Episcopal minister and acted as the chaplain in Buckingham. Although he was now married to God, Herrick never stopped writing. In fact, his best works were written during this time period. After returning from a military expedition with the Duke of Buckingham, Robert Herrick was presented with the living of Dean Prior in 1929. It was in Devon where he lived in seclusion which gave him a lot of time to write. In 1947, he was expelled from his post as Vicar of Dean Prior by the Cromwellians until the Restoration in 1660. After years of writing, Herrick published his firs...

United Kingdom and United States Relations

United Kingdom and United States Relations The relationship between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K.) goes back almost two hundred years before the United States declared independence from Great Britain. Although several European powers explored and formed settlements in North America, the British soon controlled the most lucrative seaports on the east coast. These thirteen British colonies were the seedlings of what would become the United States. The English language, legal theory, and lifestyle were the starting point of what became a diverse, multi-ethnic, American culture. Special Relationship The term special relationship is used by Americans and Brits to describe the uniquely close connection between the United States and the United Kingdom. Milestones in the United States-United Kingdom Relationship The United States and the United Kingdom fought each other in the American Revolution and again in the War of 1812. During the Civil War, the British were thought to have sympathies for the South, but this did not lead to a military conflict. In World War I, the U.S. and the U.K. fought together, and in World War II the United States entered the European portion of the conflict to defend the United Kingdom and other European allies. The two countries were also strong allies during the Cold War and the first Gulf War. The United Kingdom was the only top world power to support the United States in the Iraq War. Personalities The American-British relationship has been marked by close friendships and working alliances between top leaders. These include the links between Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan, and Prime Minister Tony Blair and President George Bush. Connections The United States and the United Kingdom share enormous trade and economic relations. Each country is among the others top trading partners. On the diplomatic front, both are among the founders of the United Nations, NATO, World Trade Organization, G-7, and a host of other international bodies. The U.S. and U.K. remain as two of only five members of the United Nations Security Council with permanent seats and veto power over all council actions. As such, the diplomatic, economic, and military bureaucracies of each country are in constant discussion and coordination with their counterparts in the other country.

An Annotated Bibliography Niccolo Machiavelli Politics Essay

An Annotated Bibliography Niccolo Machiavelli Politics Essay 1. Colish, Marcia L., â€Å"The Idea of Liberty in Machiavelli,† Journal of the History of Ideas 32 (1971):323-50 According to Colish it is incorrect to interpret Machiavelli as immoralist and the defender of the state arbitrariness. Formulating rules of political success, he at the same time establishes moral frameworks of political activity. He clearly shows that the policy considering certain moral restrictions can be really successful. It is a special sort of restriction: their unique appointment to subordinate will of a The Prince to well-being and power of the state and to make so that he aspired not to own, and to general welfare and cared not of the successors. 2. Fiore, Silvia Ruffo, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern Criticism and Scholarship, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990 Those studying Niccolo Machiavelli has developed the directory where many works have entered, books, Renaissance articles which has deeply affected developm ent of modern thought. A necessary source for researches of scientists and critics. There are many useful works of different time period. 3. Gilbert, Felix, â€Å"The Humanist Conception of the Prince and The Prince of Machiavelli,† Journal of Modern History 11 (1939): 449-83 â€Å"The Prince†, at least, explicit, is the tyranny encyclopedia where to the future tyrant almost divine mission of long-awaited clearing of Italy is attributed, and  «Reasonings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ » – the manifesto republicy and a panegyric of democracy which is repeatedly proclaimed the absolute kind of a state system. And if contest of such treatment  «Reasonings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ » demands known sophistical refinement the register research (and it is equal also amateurish) the opinions ever expressing the original maintenance of â€Å"The Prince†, will combine theses so dissimilar that it becomes difficult to believe as if their authors indeed expressed the same product. Th e first condemnation Machiavelli as advocate of the tyranny, aspiring to catch Medici’s arrangement, suppressors of Florentine freedom, have sounded at once after an exit of â€Å"The Prince† to the public. 4. John M. Najemy, The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli, Cambridge University Press, 2010 Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) is the most known and disputable person in the politician of an epoch of the Renaissance. Cambridge Partner Machiavelli opens sixteen original essays which have been developed by known critics, tell about his life, career on a post of the politician in the government, his reaction to drama changes which mentioned Florence and Italy in his whole life, his thought, sights at development, and corruption of republics and princedoms, class disagreements, religious discrepancies, and dialogue Concerning Renaissance with olden time. Machiavelli after long disputes and various opinions recognised as the great figure of the epoch who has supported usual human wisdom. 5 Jusim M. A. Ethics of Machiavelli. à Ã…“, 1990. Differently, the morals are interpreted by it as one of state mechanisms. According to M.A.Jusim the state and morals in concept Machiavelli is mono-ordered, and â€Å"historically and logically the state and morals have the general origin†. With it, taking into consideration as description Machiavelli of an origin of morals and the state, and its instructions that thanking the state to the established laws in the people kind customs are supported, it would be possible to agree, – if not definition Machiavelli of good and harm through the relation to political authority. However, in this respect it is impossible to recognize sights Machiavelli absolutely clear. Both in â€Å"The Prince† and in â€Å"Reasoning† he repeatedly specifies in national morals as the state system factor on certain type, as a source of a fortress and well-being of the state.

To his Coy Mistress Poem Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To his Coy Mistress Poem Reflections - Essay Example Am I to sit here in a single room waiting to be graced by your presence? Shall I sit and wait for you to take me out or am I to be hidden away until you aren’t interested in me? I think not dear one. How am I to amuse myself as you live the other part of your life? Certainly visions of rolling about with you cannot be what you expect me to substitute for an honest relationship. As you aptly recognize death, you must also realize that life, before I become a rotting carcass, must be lived and enjoyed. Thus, in your next correspondence do write as passionately of my financial protection as you do of consummation and then you will find yourself in the garden of eden. I interpret this piece as rather typical. It is the basic mating dance that men engage in when they are trying to entice a woman to go to bed with them. It is clear that he is governed by lust which is understandable. Oftentimes, that which we cannot obtain becomes irresistible and we pine after it. It should be noted that it is not that he wants â€Å"her†. He merely wants her body. His desire is akin to the desire that anyone feel when they want something. This can apply to a sexual dalliance or obtaining a video game. One can play a video game for hours when they first obtain it. Likewise, one can enjoy sexual relations for hours at a time as well. This does not mean that there is an actual love exists. Any chance that the suitor has of getting his mistress to actually go to bed with him is substantially diminished by the fact that he explains to her that if she doesn’t, she will wind up old and unworshipped. It is actually amusing because in today’s society, he would not have made it past the second verse of his poem. The tone and diction of the speaker remind me of one who is spoiled and accustomed to having their way. I would presume that the speaker was rather unattractive because he only speaks of her beauty and with his arrogance would

Role of Mergers & Acquisitions in Organizational Change Research Paper

Role of Mergers & Acquisitions in Organizational Change - Research Paper Example It happens when an organization wants to enter into a new market or wants to lower the cost of production. Other organizations use this method to increase their market share in the market. This report demonstrates the crucial role played by the merger and acquisition in organizational change. Thesis Mergers and acquisitions play a vital role in the organizational change. This role can be developed if it is highlighted and addressed adequately. Introduction Definition Organizational change is the process by which a company or organization goes through change with an aim of remaining more relevant and achieve its goals within the right time, (Cassiman & Colombo, 2006). This change occurs when there is a change in business strategy, when an organization wants to rebrand or when there is a major change in parts the entire organization. These changes are important for an organization to remain relevant in the dynamic market field. The process of organizational change involves making bold changes and it may also involve expansion of the organization. Mergers and acquisitions play a major role in the process of organizational change. The issue of acquisition and mergers involves having a corporate strategy in matter to do with buying, selling and division of companies, (DePamphilis, 2008). This involves companies with similar entities coming together in the process of merger and agreeing on terms and condition of operation. A merger is slightly different from an acquisition. Takeover Acquisition is also known as take over. This process involves buying of the entire business entity. This may end up expanding the company that has bought the business entity, (Finkelstein 2010). Nature of acquisitions The term consolidation refers to a union of two or more companies to form a new joint business initiative. This means that none of the tow companies can survive independent of each other. It is also know n as merger of companies. We have both private and public acquisitions. The key point here is that acquisition and merger are done as part of the company’s strategy either in venturing into a new market of remaining relevant and expansion of the organization. If the target company has been listed in the stock exchange then it’s not a public acquisition acquisitions can either be public or private, (Mikael & Jani, 2011). Acquisitions can also be classified as hostile or friendly. The process of acquisition is very detailed and involves many steps. This is why studies show that 50 per cent of the acquisitions done are successful while others are not. In other words, acquisitions are difficult to achieve. The acquisition is perceived either as friendly or hostile depending on how the idea of buying the target company is communicated. In friendly cases, the negotiations are done in private that every deal is based on mutual agreement with the companies involved. In case of the hostile acquisitions the target company’s boards of directo rs are caught unawares. The company is sold without their knowledge, (Mikael & Jani, 2011). Hostile acquisitions can end up being friendly acquisitions with time. This happens due to improved terms of agreement after the procurement process. When we talk about acquisition, we are referring to a large company or organization procuring a small company. There are instances where the smaller company acquires the control of

Analysis of Food and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Food and Culture - Essay Example The paper tells important facts about the food. The culture of food in America has influenced ethnic and religious groups in the region. Food and culture in America are interesting because the native Americans have interacted with foreign cultures. There are rules on which foods are edible in the American culture. In the American culture, wild animals are not considered as edible. They believe that the animal is required to live free in the wild. On the contrary, in the Chinese culture snakes are considered edible. In the bible, snakes are among the few animals that were not edible. In central Europe, the food individuals eat is linked to their religious beliefs. An individual who eats pork is a Christian. In Judaism and Islam cultures, individuals are prohibited eat pork by their cultures. Italians believe that people are what they eat and what one eats defines them. A typical Italian family will celebrate their holidays, with special foods. It means that Italian culture respects holidays and they do celebrate their holidays with nutritious food. Roast turkey and Ravioli suggest an Italian family celebrating one of the many holidays in the calendars. Wine is an important part of Italian meals and it is viewed as a form of art (Kittler & Sucher, 2008). Dishes in Italian foods are dominated by tomatoes. Mexican culture includes a vast variety of food items that has influenced the American culture. Cultural influences in the Mexican cultures have made it rich and authentic. They are known to have spicy food, which was influenced by the Mayan culture.

Atypical Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Atypical Development - Essay Example Those children suffering from ADD or ADHD are in most case disruptive in the classroom, while, at the same time displaying behavior problems, which are capable of making the school experience hard for everyone concerned (Turner, 2003). Nonetheless, there is a high possibility of effectively controlling and managing these disorders’ symptoms with appropriate treatment. On the other hand, Conduct Disorder varies from both ADD and ADHD since the patterns of behaviors observed happen to be more deviant, as well as antisocial in nature while having high degrees of aggression, as well as delinquent acts. The treatment for these disorders comprises of drug therapy, together with behavior modification therapies with drug therapy for ADD and ADHD including drugs such as Modafinil and Ritalin. Conversely, the best way of treating Conduct Disorder entails treating individual symptoms, as well as sub-disorders while finding proper disciplinary actions, which encourage prosocial behavior s o as to redirect negative behavior into prosocial behavior. The second category of problems is the internalized problems, which happen when the child concentrates their deviant behaviors onto their self. Issues connected to this problem genre comprise of eating disorders, adolescent suicide and depression. In this case, the child has depression which has an impact on the developing child through impacting their capability of performing their day to day tasks, by holding their energy level, as well as through their chronic sad mood. In treating depression, various forms of treatment is applicable; in some cases, it is helpful to apply light or color therapy and in other cases whereby the depression has a connection to seasonal mood swings (Halla-Poe, 2003). There are instances like in this scenario, whereby psychological counseling tends to be

Application of rapid prototyping in industrial field Essay

Application of rapid prototyping in industrial field - Essay Example Some specific applications of rapid prototyping are discussed below. 1. Investment casting Investment casting is one of the widely used manufacturing processes in recent days though it had been in use for several years. In the investment casting process, a metallic part is created with the help of an investment model and it is used as hardware. As the first step of the process, the investment is coated with some layers of ceramic shell material and sand. After drying the pattern, it is burned with high temperature in order to make it stronger and acquire high resistance to thermal reactions. This burning process creates several cavities in the pattern which is filled with molten metal and subsequently allowed to cool (Cooper & Cooper, 133)1. The model so produced allows the company to assess the performance of the designed model. Since the company gets the prototype casting within a few days on less expense, they are relieved from the huge expenses of traditional processes of product ion tooling or machining. In addition to investment casting, sand casting, vacuum casting, and injection molding there are some of the applications of rapid prototyping which fall under the category of indirect tooling. 2 2. Laser-Engineered Net Shaping It is also an application of rapid prototyping and includes in the category of direct tooling. ... The MTS Corporation has commercialized the system. Rapid tools, Direct AIM, LOMComposite, and Sand Molding are the other applications under direct tooling. 5 3. Aerospace and Military Rapid prototyping is used for the Airbus manufacturing in the Europe especially in UK. The Airbus manufacturing industry faces the challenge in designing adequate models of wind tunnel as it involves the pumping of ‘high pressure air to power turbine engines within a limited space envelope’ (Euromold)6. Laser sintering was discovered as the best solution to this problem and it helps the manufacturer to meet various financial needs of the project and meet the deadlines. Rapid prototyping and thereby additive technologies help the wind tunnel industrialists to carry out their functions easily and efficiently. Rapid prototyping has other applications also in the service area of military. 4. Medical and Dental 7 As the branch of rapid prototyping developed fast, the medical industry has also ob tained several advantages. It helps medical technicians to design physical models from medical images with help of additive fabrication technology. Nowadays, the surgeons across the world use physical anatomical models in order to develop frameworks for complex surgeries as it helps them to carry out the process more smoothly 8(ProtoCAM). As the medical device manufactures realized the scope of rapid prototyping, they have begun to take patient-specific images so as to produce large collections of databases for the further designing processes. Researchers in the area of osteology have many applications with rapid prototyping as it helps them to produce bone models and fracture healing

Analysis of Food and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Food and Culture - Essay Example The paper tells important facts about the food. The culture of food in America has influenced ethnic and religious groups in the region. Food and culture in America are interesting because the native Americans have interacted with foreign cultures. There are rules on which foods are edible in the American culture. In the American culture, wild animals are not considered as edible. They believe that the animal is required to live free in the wild. On the contrary, in the Chinese culture snakes are considered edible. In the bible, snakes are among the few animals that were not edible. In central Europe, the food individuals eat is linked to their religious beliefs. An individual who eats pork is a Christian. In Judaism and Islam cultures, individuals are prohibited eat pork by their cultures. Italians believe that people are what they eat and what one eats defines them. A typical Italian family will celebrate their holidays, with special foods. It means that Italian culture respects holidays and they do celebrate their holidays with nutritious food. Roast turkey and Ravioli suggest an Italian family celebrating one of the many holidays in the calendars. Wine is an important part of Italian meals and it is viewed as a form of art (Kittler & Sucher, 2008). Dishes in Italian foods are dominated by tomatoes. Mexican culture includes a vast variety of food items that has influenced the American culture. Cultural influences in the Mexican cultures have made it rich and authentic. They are known to have spicy food, which was influenced by the Mayan culture.

Application of rapid prototyping in industrial field Essay

Application of rapid prototyping in industrial field - Essay Example Some specific applications of rapid prototyping are discussed below. 1. Investment casting Investment casting is one of the widely used manufacturing processes in recent days though it had been in use for several years. In the investment casting process, a metallic part is created with the help of an investment model and it is used as hardware. As the first step of the process, the investment is coated with some layers of ceramic shell material and sand. After drying the pattern, it is burned with high temperature in order to make it stronger and acquire high resistance to thermal reactions. This burning process creates several cavities in the pattern which is filled with molten metal and subsequently allowed to cool (Cooper & Cooper, 133)1. The model so produced allows the company to assess the performance of the designed model. Since the company gets the prototype casting within a few days on less expense, they are relieved from the huge expenses of traditional processes of product ion tooling or machining. In addition to investment casting, sand casting, vacuum casting, and injection molding there are some of the applications of rapid prototyping which fall under the category of indirect tooling. 2 2. Laser-Engineered Net Shaping It is also an application of rapid prototyping and includes in the category of direct tooling. ... The MTS Corporation has commercialized the system. Rapid tools, Direct AIM, LOMComposite, and Sand Molding are the other applications under direct tooling. 5 3. Aerospace and Military Rapid prototyping is used for the Airbus manufacturing in the Europe especially in UK. The Airbus manufacturing industry faces the challenge in designing adequate models of wind tunnel as it involves the pumping of ‘high pressure air to power turbine engines within a limited space envelope’ (Euromold)6. Laser sintering was discovered as the best solution to this problem and it helps the manufacturer to meet various financial needs of the project and meet the deadlines. Rapid prototyping and thereby additive technologies help the wind tunnel industrialists to carry out their functions easily and efficiently. Rapid prototyping has other applications also in the service area of military. 4. Medical and Dental 7 As the branch of rapid prototyping developed fast, the medical industry has also ob tained several advantages. It helps medical technicians to design physical models from medical images with help of additive fabrication technology. Nowadays, the surgeons across the world use physical anatomical models in order to develop frameworks for complex surgeries as it helps them to carry out the process more smoothly 8(ProtoCAM). As the medical device manufactures realized the scope of rapid prototyping, they have begun to take patient-specific images so as to produce large collections of databases for the further designing processes. Researchers in the area of osteology have many applications with rapid prototyping as it helps them to produce bone models and fracture healing

Problem gambling Essay Example for Free

Problem gambling Essay Gambling is something that people are capable of enjoying once in a while, but for others it can turn into an activity that is hard to control. Gambling is the act of risking money, property, or something of value on an activity that has an uncertain outcome. This can include, lotteries and bingos, card games, going to casinos, buying multiple kinds of tickets, making bets, and games such as pool, golf, or arm wrestling. Gambling can be legal as well as illegal, any sort of gambling managed by the government or by regulations set by the government is legal, and any sort of gambling that is not managed by regulations is illegal. Gambling doesn’t have one specific cause, and the cause can be different for everyone. People who have bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome have been observed to develop an addiction to gambling. Bipolar disorder because exorbitant spending is known to be a symptom and can take form in gambling. Parkinson’s and restless leg syndrome, because of the theory that the medications can increase the activity of dopamine in the brain as a culprit. Other causes can include, emotional conditions, schizophrenia, mood problems, antisocial personality disorder, and alcohol or drug addictions. People who have problems with gambling usually spend a lot of time doing so and don’t leave much time for family, friends, and important events. Bigger bets begin to get placed and they happen more often, which can lead to growing debts causing the person to borrow money from friends or family. Those with problems can’t fully stop gambling but would rather â€Å"cut back,† and can also become bad-tempered, depressed, withdrawn, or restless if they aren’t able to gamble. Gambling can have some very serious effects on the gambler, as well as those around him/her. Debt, bankruptcy, poverty, theft, prostitution, and suicide issues can all be side effects of gambling. Families with people those who have an addiction to gambling are more at risk of experiencing domestic violence and child abuse. And children of compulsive gamblers have a higher chance of developing depression, behavior problems, and substance abuse. There are many reasons for gambling and usually it is for fun or excitement, to escape or forget problems, to win money, or to feel challenged. In Canada, gaming is the largest  entertainment industry being the same size as movies, TV, recorded music, and professional sports combined. During 2007, 70.7% of adults gamble, and the most common gaming activities among Canadian adults are lotteries and instant-win tickets. About 3.2 of adults, and 2.2% of youth, are affected by moderate to severe problem gambling. A survey conducted in 2001-2006 suggests that the provinces, which have the highest rates of gambling, are Saskatchewan and Manitoba, and Quebec and New Brunswick have the lowest. Gambling can be overcome, as there are multiple ways to fix your problem. Many participate in gamblers anonymous or go to psychotherapy. Medications have been discovered which help reduce the urge to gamble, or thrill that comes with it. Financial counseling and self-help interventions are also ways to go about fixing your addiction. 70% of people who have gambling problems most likely also have another psychiatric issue; therefore they may need more than one type of treatment for their best chance to overcome their problem(s). My personal viewpoint on gambling is that, it’s not always a bad thing if you can keep it under control, and if it is legal. I think it’s a good way to have fun if you know your limits. If you have gambling problems it can become quite serious, which in that case you need to get some sort of help and realize it is not the best lifestyle. After doing this report I realize that it is an important issue that I was not fully aware of, and that it can be harmful to ones present and future just as much as alcohol and drug addictions. Bibliography http://www.onhealth.com/gambling_addiction/article.htm https://dl.cssd.ab.ca/d2l/lms/content/viewer/view.d2l?tId=2157962ou=1868624 http://www.problemgambling.ca/EN/Documents/FA_GamblingProblemGamblinginCanada.pdf

Purpose of Sunday School

Purpose of Sunday School Respected Achen, parents, children, and my friends. Jesus Christ, the greatest teacher of all, loved children dearly. In Matthew Chapter 18 verse 6, Jesus said for whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a great millstone fastened round his neck, and to be drowned in the depth of the sea. Today, December 5th, our church is celebrating Sunday school day, and its the perfect time to stop and reflect on the true importance of Sunday school/ in the lives of the children of our congregation,/ the future of our church. Whether we acknowledge it or not, todays world can be a very dangerous place, with sin and bad influences surrounding us/ almost everywhere we go. In this world, Sunday school acts as a safe place where children can create strong ties and friendships/ with their peers/ and with Jesus Christ. Beyond this role, Sunday school has Five Key responsibilities that it fulfills in our children, and well look at each of these responsibilities separately today. The first and simplest task of Sunday school is/ to teach the Bible to our children. We learn about Gods love as we hear its stories and parables. When most people are asked, What is the most important thing children learn in Sunday school? the answer is often the Bible. In Sunday school, children develop a Christian understanding of the purposes of Scripture. Through these experiences with the Bible in Sunday school, they learn to recognize Gods call to them. The second task of Sunday school is to help us accept Gods grace. Knowing facts from the Bible is not enough. In fact, many non-Christians know more about the Bible than some of us who are Christians. Therefore, knowledge of the Bible doesnt create Christians. What impels a person to become a Christian is the belief that the words of the Bible are Gods message to us. It is the recognition that Gods love shown through Jesus Christ is real. It is the acceptance of Gods saving grace offered through Jesus Christ that enables one to become the person God created him or her to be. Thirdly, Sunday school helps us grow in Christian faith. Christian faith becomes a reality when the lessons of the Bible and our personal experiences of Gods love inspire us to love God and to trust Gods guidance, as we make decisions about our lives each day. Christians want to learn more about Jesus teachings and discover the gifts of God that come through the Holy Spirit. Christians also want to turn their full attention to learning more about what it means to live as a person of faith. They arent satisfied simply knowing the Bible and believing in God; instead Christians want to grow in their understanding of Gods purposes. They want their relationship with God to grow deeper day by day and year by year. The fourth responsibility that Sunday School holds is to guide our children to become mature members of a Christian community. Sunday school teaches us that the ability to grow in relationship to God is possible only in fellowship with other Christians. Although Christians value time alone in prayer and communion with God, we also welcome times to praise God and give thanks for Gods gracious love/ in worship and prayer with one another. Through the bond of Christian relationship that develops, Christians strengthen one another so that they are able to carry their experience of Gods presence and love/ into the activities of their everyday lives. Last and certainly not least, the ultimate task that Sunday school strives to meet is to help its students answer Gods Call to Christian living. Living a Christian life does not come automatically. It comes through study, worship, and learning together. When people learn to follow the example of Jesus Christ, they become Christian examples, revealing the love of God through their own actions at home, at work, at play, or anywhere they may be. Sunday school builds a yearning to follow the example of Jesus, which leads Christians to recognize the needs of others and to seek ways to serve in Gods name. However, Sunday school should not be the end of our religious education. Sunday school is only the beginning for children and youth in their lifelong process of learning, growing, and serving in Christ. Christian education is a never-ending process that is enabled in Christian community, as Christians continue to study, worship, and serve together. The lessons of Christian education make it possible for us to practice love and to live as children of God. How well we learn those lessons day by day will determine what kind of church we are Sunday by Sunday. Ultimately, fostering and nourishing our Sunday school is a sacred responsibility. To give our religious education less than our best would be unfaithful to the life God has called us to live and to the world God has called us to serve. If there is ever a generation somewhere, sometime, that does not know the power of Gods love, it will be because some generation did not continue to teach and learn. The greatest gift that our church has to offer to the children is the strong faith that has been passed down through the generations, so lets take this day to appreciate just how important Sunday school is for the future of our congregation.

Folk tale Genre :: essays papers

Folk tale Genre The greatest treasure of every nation is its language. Fairy tales are part of the oral traditions of literature all over the world. The fairy tale is one of the forms of the people's linguistic arts where life and social system are reflected. Folklore, mythology, fables, tall stories, and other classic tales have been handed down, generation through generation. Countless treasures of human thought and experience still accumulate and live in the world even after thousand of years. Fairy tales appeared in the world a long time ago. Every culture has it is own variety of these stories. Although, fairy tales differ because of places, cultures, and periods their unique impact on teaching and entertaining of people has not been changed. Every class of people, in all parts of the world, has passed down this great tradition for generations, giving it popularity. Some scholars have studied reasons of why fairy tales still exist and continue to be told everywhere. They state that "stories may differ in subject from place to place, the conditions and purposes of tale telling may change as we move from land to land, from century to century, and yet everywhere it ministers to the same basic social and individual needs (15-18)". Fairy tale allows the reader and the wrier to go into a new imaginary world. There are many things to learn from the fairy tale. Tales in their simplest form have many reasons for being told. The psychologist, Bruno Bettelhiem, studied what is being learned from folk tales. He states: " Folk tales tell about the agonies of sibling rivalry, of wishes coming true, of the humble being elevated, of true merit being recognized even hidden under rags of virtue rewarded and evil punished (45-46)". In every telling of a fairy tale, an audience is eager to listen and retell the story to a new audience. The social values can be taken back to the history, and around to all parts of the world. The tales take the pulse of existence and of man's faculty of dreaming and communing. According to M.K. Thompson: " Curiosity about the past has always brought eager listeners to tales of long ago which supply the simple man with all he knows of the history of this tale (484-485)".

Iago’s Use of Rhetorical Strategies to Manipulate Othello in Shakespear

Iago’s Use of Rhetorical Strategies to Manipulate Othello in Shakespeare’s Othello Rhetorical strategies are continually used to get a point across or to manipulate another. Iago uses many devices to put false accusations into Othello’s head. In lines 330-447 in Act 3 scene 3, Iago uses rhetorical question, imagery, and sarcasm. He questions Othello and makes him think the worst between Cassio and Desdemona, and then his use of words adds color and a picture, so it has to be right. Last his sarcasm creates the assurances Othello needed to be duped. To start, Iago uses rhetorical questions favorably to cause Othello to question Desdemona’s love for him. When Othello finishes with â€Å"†¦Than answer my waked wrath!† Iago comes back with â€Å"Is’t come to this my lord.† Later he goes into â€Å"Are...

Changes in Supply Chain Management

Innovations And Development In Supply Chain Management (SCM) SUBMITEED BY: vaibhav kumar srivastav TABLE OF CONTENTS SI NO. TOPIC PAGE NO (1) Meaning and Introduction 1 (2) Tour of Developments in supply 2 Chain (3) Innovations and Recent trends in 2 SCM (4) Visited Companies: DTDC 6 †¢ DHL 9 †¢SAMTAL COLOR LTD 13 †¢BHEL 16 †¢BLUE DART 18 (5) Case Study on Innovations and 21 Development in SCM (Nikon Inc. ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are very grateful to Prof. R. K. SINGAL, our Supply Chain Management Professor for giving us the guidance and help in grasping the theoretical oncepts of the subject and helping us in applying them practically in the Real Life Project at Many companies of Delhi Ncr. We are also indebted to manger who has guided us during company visit, for taking time out of his busy schedule, patiently answering our queries and helping us in understanding the supply chain management innovations and development followed at that particular company. (1) What is supply chain? Supply chain is a bridge between demand and supply. What is supply chain management? According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) â€Å"Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management†. INTRODUCTION : Having achieved significant improvements in manufacturing, many firms are now focusing their attention on their supply chains. With increased globalization, supply chains for most products have become longer both on the input as well as the output sides. This, combined with the trend towards proliferation of products makes management of the supply chain a very challenging task. SO in order to produce quality products with less cost & supplying it at less time many innovations & development has been made in the management of manufacturing supply chains. In the management of product flows, the innovations include concepts such as modularisation, postponement, mass customisation and flexible automation, time-based logistics, and cross docking. In the management of information flows, the innovations include the use of information technologies and strategic partnerships to improve the transparency of information. INNOVATION – is it relevant to SCM? : There are some W&H questions that will prove that innovations are relevant to SCM: WHY CHANGE IS REQUIRED? : Today Companies cannot grow through cost reduction and reengineering alone . . . Innovation is the key element in providing aggressive top-line growth, and for increasing bottom-line results. WHAT ARE THE CHANGES REQUIRED? Changes in thinking, products, processes, or services are required in SCM. The goal is positive change, to make something better or improve efficiency, productivity, quality, competitive positioning, market share, etc. (2) HOW THE CHANGE CAN BE ACHIEVED? : The most successful innovation occurs at the boundaries of organizations and industries where the problems and needs of users, and the potential of technologies can be linked together in a crea tive process. Now take a tour of developments in supply chain: . Creation Era – This era of supply chain management include the need for large scale changes, reengineering, and downsizing driven by cost reduction programs. 2. Integration Era – The development of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems in the 1960s & introduction of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. 3. Globalization Era – Characterized by the attention towards global systems of supplier relations and the expansion of supply chain over national boundaries and into other continents 4. Specialization Era — Phase One — In the 1990s industries began to sold off non-core operations & Outsourced Manufacturing and Distribution . 5. Specialization Era — Phase Two — Supply Chain Management as a Service & Outsourced technology hosting for supply chain solutions. 6. Supply Chain Management 2. 0 – SCM 2. 0 results the combination of the processes, methodologies, tools and delivery options to guide companies to their results quickly. Innovation, Recent trends and changes in supply chain management: In the last one decade supply chain management has changed rapidly. There has been lot of involvement of new ideas. Few of them are described below:- (3) 1. Shifting focus from manufacturing to outsourcing: 25 years ago, most manufacturers owned their own factories and controlled their own production. They had complete, detailed knowledge of the capacity, schedules, and costs of manufacturing. Companies could adapt quickly to changes in the marketplace and restore the supply/demand balance more easily. Figure 1 shows the once-linear relationship companies had with their captive factories and sales offices. In the days before e-commerce, consumer demand fluctuated relatively slowly. With complete visibility into their own factories and sales offices, companies could easily find the status of inventory, work in progress, and customer orders currently in the supply chain. In the years since, a fundamental shift has taken place. More and more design, marketing, and sales take place on home shores, while parts manufacturing and final assembly are outsourced to offshore suppliers. In fact, a 2006 AMR Research study of contract manufacturing trends found that 92% of companies outsourced some of their production with 40% projecting they will outsource more in the next two years. . Emergence and proliferation of Information Technology: Information technology, even taken as an independent environmental factor and its adoption in professionally run businesses and firms has led to fundamental changes in supply chain behavior and further to the changes in governance structures. Virtually all sectors of industry in the developed and in the developing regions have witnessed t he following major trends over the past two decades: †¢Data storage costs have gone down in the past few years, while the volume of data gathered for business analysis purposes has increased dramatically. The cost per business transaction as well as the networking and communication costs within supply chains has been greatly reduced. Simultaneously, the capabilities and the content involved in the communications and the number and relevance of IT enabled business transactions have also increased. †¢With greater analytical capabilities and design technologies, new product introductions have increased, in part as a response to the need for greater product variety. As a consequence, product life-cycles have been shrinking, as documented for many industry sectors. The role of IT in the handling and communication of product design information is also well chronicled. These changes in IT (in particular business communication technologies) have played a critical role in enabling firms and supply chains to operate on a global scale [27]. Without IT being the enabler, the disintegrated supply network cannot be managed effectively. (4) 3. In the 1990s industries began to focus on â€Å"core competencies† and adopted a specialization model. Companies sold off non-core operations, and outsourced those functions to other companies. The specialization model creates manufacturing and distribution networks composed of multiple, individual supply chains specific to products, suppliers, and customers, who work together to design, manufacture, distribute, market, sell, and service a product. 4. Emergence of Retail Powerhouses: The consolidation or convergence of retail channels, as in the case of the retail chains such as Wal-Mart and the accompanying phenomena of smaller stores and chains being replaced by larger discount stores, not only have ad a profound impact on the supply channels, it has also changed the traditional roles defined for the manufactures, the retailers, the wholesalers and distributors. With the emergence of retail powerhouses, the large manufacturers of consumer items have seen incentives to outsource the cost and asset intensive operations to contract manufacturers, while focusing on creating and sustaining brand values through design and marketing activities. For retailers, the competition is now based on cost, logistics, and speed of innovation. These basic tenets of retail competition coupled with the change in the retail landscape have an enormous impact on the supply channels that feed the growing retail channels. These supply channels, both large and small, have to respond quicker and more efficiently to customer demand patterns. As a result, retail companies have attempted to change their business models and to dictate broad strategic and operating requirements to their vast supply base – thus there is pressure even on large and established suppliers to conform to the specific practices and the needs of the retail channels. In order to compete in the new landscape, retailers are taking on influential role in the design of products, they are also ready to reach in the second tier to develop market and distribute products that in some cases compete directly with their own suppliers. In short we can define latest trends in SCM as:- Trend 1. Demand plan sets the tone: Critical to the success of any Demand Plan is having all stakeholders, including sales, marketing, finance, product development and supply chain agrees upon a consensus Demand Plan. It is important for all participants to discuss factors affecting customer demand patterns, such as new or deleted products, competitors or market conditions, the aggregate demand plans and associated revenue plans. Once all demand for products and services is recognized, the information is consolidated into one Demand Plan. We have found that companies with dedicated resources focused around demand planning and forecasting yield stronger results and (5) drive more value to their company. Organizations that focus part time on demand planning and forecasting efforts yield substandard results. Trend 2. Globalization: The right Supply Chain Design is critical to managing the changes brought about by rapid globalization. A well thought-out Supply Chain Network Design can optimize the network and the flow of materials through the network. In doing so, network design captures the costs of the supply chain with a â€Å"total landed cost† perspective, and applies advanced mathematical technology to determine optimal answers to both strategic and tactical questions. TREND 3 can be found with: †¢Sales and operations planning †¢Transportation/distribution management †¢Improved product lifecycle management †¢Improved strategic sourcing and procurement Suppliers can differentiate themselves in a number of ways as well as provide value, additional services and capabilities to their customers. The differentiating factors include: †¢Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) †¢RFID †¢Labeling and packaging †¢Drop shipping †¢Collaboration TREND-4 Establishment of control mechanisms to proactively monitor the various components of the supply chain and, Information systems to connect and coordinate the supply chain as seamlessly as possible. A failure to excel at any one of these components can result in breakdowns affecting the entire supply chain. TREND-5: As the economy becomes more global, labeling and compliance to packaging requirements and regulations have become critical to success. Without adherence to local packaging and labeling regulations a product may violate local requirements, preventing it from being distributed and sold in that market. Product lifecycle management technology and processes can help ensure that products being produced and targeted for specific markets are well-managed and are compliant. TREND-6: Recent examples of collaboration have emerged in the expansion of Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) processes that include upstream and downstream value chain partners as regular participants. S&OP processes help maintain a well-coordinated and valid, current operating plan in support of customer demand, a business plan and a strategy. The improved resulting (6) operating plan provides the management of each partner with a complete picture of forecasted demand, supply capacity, corresponding financial information with financial implications and allows them to make informed, critical decisions. We have visited some companies to show the Innovations and Development they have applied in their SCM for last 10 years: Company Profile: DTDC Courier & Cargo Ltd. (DTDC) was incorporated in the year 1990. Within a span of 20 years, through its business associates DTDC expanded its delivery network across the length & breadth of the country, thereby creating the nation’s Largest Domestic Delivery Network. Today DTDC is the second largest Indian company in the Express industry. DTDC can also be credited with pioneering the franchisee concept for the courier industry in India, and today has the largest franchisee network. Headquartered at Bangalore, with 4 of its Zonal Offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai & Mumbai, DTDC currently serves around 10, 000 pincode areas and has over 3700 franchised outlets supported by 176 offices which includes its Regional Offices, Area Offices, Branch Offices, Operational Hubs and Sub-Branches. DTDC has extended its service network to the overseas market and provides services to worldwide destinations using its own branches and international associates at prime gateways like USA, UK, Singapore, UAE, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, SriLanka & Hong Kong. Thanks to its strong IT infrastructure, the company is able to deliver 10. 5 million parcels a month to customers (7) across the world. To support its ambitious growth plans; DTDC has entered into an association with Reliance ADAG Group, and has on its Board, a Director from Reliance. Innovations and development they have taken in SCM for last 10 years: †¢V Express for Business Delivery: DTDC has lunched of V express, its new product which assures delivery of documents on the next business day. The product carries a unique feature of 100% money back if at all there is any service failure. The service shall be available in the 6 metros of Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata and Hyderabad in select princode areas. There will also be SMS Alert on delivery as avalue added service. †¢SMS Courier Limited for Speedy Delivery of Intra-City Consignments: DTDC has launched SMS Courier Ltd. , its subsidiary for the purpose of speedy intra-city deliveries and mass mailing activities. SMS Courier will be useful to organizations dealing in large volumes of intra-city consignments like the banks, financial institutions, insurance companies and cellular operators. The newly-formed subsidiary will ensure timely deliveries even to the remotest areas of the city. This service is available in the six metros and has made its entry into Pune as well. †¢Tie-Up with Reliance Money For Distribution Of Financial Services: To support their ambitious growth plans DTDC India’s leading Air Express & Cargo Company and Reliance Money Limited entered into a strategic alliance wherein DTDC will be acting as a distributor for Reliance Money’s financial products and services. DTDC already has a tie up with Reliance Capital and they would be happy to be associated with Reliance Money also. With DTDC’s distribution network, Reliance Money will be able to reach out to the smallest of investors in the remotest parts of India thereby achieving its objective of providing safe and secure financial services at a retail investor’s doorstep. †¢DTDC uses IT as its virtual vehicle: But what made the courier delivery system so efficient? IT (information technology) of course. The operations, efficiency and customer satisfaction were all enhanced with the application of IT and this is the secret behind the success of DTDC. The company uses IT as its virtual vehicle to provide timely and accurate information on the movement and delivery status of consignments. This is accessible through various digital modes like the DTDC website, mobile telephony (SMS) or its in-house developed track and trace facility. IT is the backbone of the entire operational and customer service process and e-mail is the lifeline of the company’s communications system. Launch of Time Definite Services Under DTDC Prime Time Plus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9) â€Å"Prime Time Plus†, launched under the DTDC plus banner, is a guaranteed service for time definite deliveries of consignments within the next possible business day targeted at Time Critical Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Customer (B2C) Segments. PRIME TIME PLUS: PRODUCT/ SERVICE FEATURES  » Assured Time Definite Delivery with Money Back Guarantee*(MBG).  » Tamper Proof Security Pouch for Safe delivery.  » Real time Tracking and Status update.  » Dedicated High Performing Team to manage the service End to End.  » Distinct High Priority Operation Process.  » Dedicated Customer Support. Company Profile: DHL are the first letters of the last names of the three company founders, Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn. 1111111111111 In 1969, just months after the world had marveled at Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon, the three partners took another small step that would have a profound impact on the way the world does business. 111111111111111 The founders began to personally ship papers by airplane from San Francisco to Honolulu, beginning customs clearance of the ship's cargo before the actual arrival of the ship and dramatically reducing waiting time in the harbour. Customers stood to save a fortune. 1111111111111111111111111111111111 ( (10) With this concept, a new industry was born: international air express, the rapid delivery of documents and shipments by airplane. 11111111111111111111 The DHL Network continued to grow at an incredible pace. The company expanded westward from Hawaii into the Far East and Pacific Rim, then the Middle East, Africa and Europe. By 1988, DHL was already present in 170 countries and had 16,000 employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ At the beginning of 2002, Deutsche Post World Net became the major shareholder in DHL. By the end of 2002, DHL was 100% owned by Deutsche Post World Net. In 2003, Deutsche Post World Net consolidated all of its express and logistics activities into one single brand, DHL. The world's largest express and logistics Network DHL is the global market leader in international express, overland transport and air freight. It is also the world's number 1 in ocean freight and contract logistics. DHL offers a full range of customized solutions – from express document shipping to supply chain management. 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Below are the global facts and figures that show you the scale of the world's largest express and logistics network. Global Facts and Figures Number of Employees: around 285,000 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Offices: around 6,500 111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Hubs, Warehouses & Terminals: more than 450 1111111111111111111111 Number of Gateways: 240 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Aircraft*: 420 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Vehicles: 76,200 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Countries & Territories: more than 220 111111111111111111111111111 Shipments per Year: more than 1. 5 billion 11111111111111111111111111111111 Destinations Covered: 120,000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 (11) Supply Chain Management For DHL Information Flow 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Innovative Supply Chain Development Supply Chain Management services are delivered across industry sectors and provide expertise, knowledge and resources in terms of personnel and supply chain tools. All services are targeted at optimizing logistical operations in both process and strategy, and are aligned to the client's commercial expectations The services are as follows: ?Strategic Logistics Consulting ?Lead Logistics Provider ?Consulting and providing Transport optimization: Route-Pro and Trans-Pro ? Consulting and providing Supply Chain Design ?Consulting and providing Transportation ?Engineering, optimization and re-engineering Implementation and Project Management ?Process Management ?Outsourcing DHL’s consulting services also offer re-organization of customer facilities, project management for customers, implementation of new IT Systems, creation of tender documents and tender processing. (12) †¢Supply Chain Re-engineering DHL works with customers to review supply chain efficiencies. One of the main tasks is to evaluate cost efficiency to ensure that costs are being driven down throughout the contract duration. Data analysis allows DHL to provide customers with ‘what if modeling' or the impact of changing the business rules. Distribution to Stores Management DHL’s distributions to store solutions are focused on helping retailers create efficient and flexible supply chains to deliver product to retail outlets at high levels of service. 111111111111111111111111111111 These solutions are built from several core services including reverse logistics: ? logistics network strategy ?warehouse design and simulation ?Transport modeling. †¢After Sales Optimisation Optimising return logistics and spare parts logistics as well as maintenance and repair services. †¢Vehicle Management Services Our vehicle management services focus on the management of sales and marketing support programmes for automotive manufacturers. Combining a range of services and systems to deliver a global response, we help you overcome challenges at the end of the automotive supply chain. (13) Samtel Color Group Company Profile: Samtel Group's journey began in 1973, with a vision to create a world-class organization. Today, Samtel Group is India’s largest integrated manufacturer of a wide range of displays for television, avionics, industrial, medical and professional applications, TV glass, components for displays, machinery and engineering services. The group employs 6000 people in nine world-class factories and has an annual turnover of Rs 12 billion (USD 300M) Samtel Group has strong design and development skills and is a dependable player with excellent technological capabilities and a long-term commitment to the display industry. Its products are known for ruggedness and reliability and conform to the latest relevant quality standards. The group has excellent relationships with suppliers of key components and the ability to design new products as well as set up hi-tech manufacturing facilities. Samtel has registered many patents for developments in display technology. Chairman & managing director : Mr. Satish K. Kaura No. of employees – 6000 Corporate headquarters: TDI Centre, District Centre — Jasola, New Delhi We have visited one of its industries in GHAZIABAD i. e. (14) SAMTEL COLOR LTD Samtel Color is the flagship company of the Samtel group, and manufactures the widest range of Colour TV tubes in India and has a capacity of over 10 million picture tubes per annum. The company was incorporated in 1986 with a technical collaboration with Mitsubishi Electric, Japan to manufacture 14† and 21† Color Picture Tubes (CPTs). With a market share of over 60%, it is the largest tube manufacturer in the country. Its clients include leading domestic and international TV manufacturers. Integrated backwards with its component divisions at Ghaziabad and Parwanoo, Samtel Color also manufactures electron guns and deflection yokes for colour picture tubes. Samtel color ltd. Ghaziabad Was Established in the year 1988. Inaugurated by then FINANCE MINISTER N. D TIWARI. PRODUCT MANUFACTURED & EXPORTED: PICTURE TUBES MAJOR CUSTOMERS: LG, VIDEOCON, SAMSUNG, THOMSON etc. TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES: BTC, DELHI ASHARAM TRANSPORT ORDER PLACED -12 LACS (approx. ) It started with manufacturing picture tubes of 21’’ . They were out sourcing their raw materials from Samsung but later they started producing their own material at their own units . They mak e their products according to the anticipation of demand i. . PULL STRATEGY. They are having a continuous process. (15) Innovations and development they have taken for last 10 years: †¢Joint Venture With THALES Group: France’s THELES group, which has been operating in India since 1953, and has stepped up its presence in the country over the past two decades, has also teamed up with electronics manufacturer SAMTAL to create a joint venture, named SAMTEL THALES Avionics, which have an equity participation of 74:26 by SAMTEL and THALES. This joint venture design and anufacture global products to make the joint venture a part of THALES global supply chain. †¢Earlier they used to transport their products of small tones. Now they are transporting the goods in large tones. †¢As the needs of consumers were changing & because of stiff competition they were facing they started manufacturing & supplying TRUE FLAT PICTURE TUBES i. e. 29’’, 20’’, 21’’, 14’’ 6-7 years before. †¢Started manufacturing the raw- materials required in making picture tubes –panel, funnel, electron gun, DYs(Deflection Yoke ),band etc in its different units. t helped to increase the quality & reduced the time & increased profits †¢They are having robots in their units which help in producing quality products, reduces the time for manufacturing products. †¢Now they are manufacturing ULTRA SLIM PICTURE TUBES as it is the need of the hour& it provides them competitive advantage over other competitors. †¢Research is going on making LCD in airplanes. †¢They are using new technology for producing better quality products & reducing the cost. (16) Company Profile: BHEL was founded in 1950s. Its operations are organised around three business sectors: Power, Industry – including Transmission, Transportation, and Telecommunication & Renewable Energy – and Overseas Business. Today, BHEL has a wide-spread network comprising 14 manufacturing divisions, 8 service centers, 4 power sector regional centers, 18 regional offices, and a large number of project sites spread all over India and abroad. BHEL is one of the largest exporters of engineering products & services from India. BHEL has established its references in around 60 countries of the world, ranging from the United States in the West to New Zealand in the Far East. Its export range include: individual products to complete power stations, turnkey contracts for power plants, EPC contracts, HV/EHV Sub-stations, O services for familiar technologies, specialized after-market services like Residual Life Assessment (RLA) studies and retrofitting, refurbishing & overhauling, and supplies to manufacturers & EPC contractors. BHEL's product range include: Steam turbines and generators of up to 500MW capacity for utility and combined-cycle applications; Steam turbines for CPP applications; Gas turbines of up to 260MW (ISO) rating; Custom-built conventional hydro turbines of Kaplan, Francis and Pelton types with matching generators, pump turbines with matching motor-generators; Spherical, butterfly and rotary valves and auxiliaries for hydro station; HSD, LDO, FO, LSHS, natural-gas/biogas based diesel power plant; Industrial turbo-sets of ratings from 1. to 120MW; Steam generators for utilities, ranging from 30 to 500MW capacity, using coal, lignite, oil, natural gas or a combination of these fuels; Pulverized fuel fired boilers; Stoker boilers; Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion boilers; Circulating fluidized bed combustion boilers; Waste heat recovery boiler; Boiler Auxiliaries; Heat Exchangers & Pressure Vessels; Pumps; Power Station Control Equipment; Switchgears; Bus Ducts; Transformers; Insulators; Capacitors; Energy Meters etc. (17) Classification of Materials: The materials for procurement can be classified in two categories: Direct Materials: Materials, which go directly into the Project/ Product/ Site/ Systems. Indirect Materials: Materials other than above, such as consumables/ packing etc which are used in manufacture of despatchable products and materials such as coal, cement, kerosene, oil etc which are used to run the essential services/ machine tools/ office establishment. Supplier registration is one of the primary and important activities of MM functions. This is the entry point of supplier in BHEL. A carefully chosen supplier will be an asset to the organization. DEMAND FORECASTING METHOD? ABC analysis and EOQ methods. JIT does not work for BHEL as most of the procured items are long cycle items and Inventories have to be maintained to avoid any production hold ups. Normally inventories sufficient for 3 month requirements are maintained. HOW ORDERS ARE PLACED ? BHEL quotes against the tender requirements (normally global) published in all the national newspapers and also made available on the web sites of respective customers. After evaluation of all the received bids by the customer, if the BHEL’s bid is found to be technically acceptable and financially the lowest then the customer places a Work order on BHEL. CUSTOMER FOR BHEL? NTPC, NHPC, STATE ELECTRICITY BOARDS AND PRIVATE COMPANIES FOREIGN COUNTRIES LIKE RUSSIA, GERMANY, FRANCE, MIDDLE EAST etc. (18) Supply Chain Management For BHEL, Company Profile: Blue Dart Express Ltd. , India's premier integrated air express carrier and logistics-services provider, has been one of the largest Global Service Participants of Federal Express Corporation, the world's eading air express transportation company, since 1984. From 1984, Blue Dart represented all FedEx interests, under a principal to principal arrangement, in India. Blue Dart-Federal Express Relationship: Blue Dart and FedEx have determined a new agreement in October 1997 to coincide with the introduction by FedEx of its first round-the-world flight touching Mumbai, as well as its direct entry int o the country. Under this agreement, Blue Dart is the exclusive provider of transportation, (19) ickup and delivery, customs and related services for FedEx's International Priority shipments, as well as the sole preferred consolidator of FedEx services. The Alliance seeks to leverage the strengths of both organisations for mutual benefit. While FedEx focuses solely on the development of its international business, with its link to the vibrant economy of the Sub-Continent, Blue Dart continues to consolidate its dominant domestic position, and service and enhance its international customer base as a licensee of FedEx, to support FedEx's international growth. The new agreement is designed to stimulate the development of India's international express market by combining the competitive advantages of FedEx's global reach with Blue Dart's domestic coverage to increase the market share of both companies. Innovations and development they have taken in SCM for last 10 years: TrackDartTM: You can track the status of shipment by using the TrackDartTM box, which is available on the upper left panel of every page on our website. You may track shipments sent on Blue Dart services within India or to Nepal, Bangladesh or Bhutan. You may also track international shipments sent on Federal Express to/from India. Shipments under single or multiple waybills may be tracked using either the waybill number or the reference number given at the time of shipping. MailDartTM: You may either use the Waybill Number or the Reference Number to track the status of your shipments. This feature helps you to track Single or Multiple shipments. To track the status of your shipments by Waybill Number enter the waybill numbers either in `Subject' or in the text of the mail, each Waybill number seperated by a comma. To track the status of your shipments by (20) Reference/Order Number. Enter the reference/order numbers in `Subject' of the mail, each reference or order number seperated by a comma. Location Finder: 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Find the service locations of Blue Dart and the Blue Dart counter or franchisee located closest to you. You may search by city, street name or pin code to find one of over 11,558 locations serviced in India, or in 211 countries worldwide. Transit Time Finder: 111111111111111111111111111111 You can check the transit times for your domestic and international shipments, and for the various services offered by Blue Dart to help you identify the service that meets your requirements. Price Finder: 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 You can calculate your shipping costs for your domestic and international shipments by using their Price Finder. Waybill Generation: 111111111111111111111111111111 The Online Waybill generation tool helps the credit customer to generate a waybill for a consignment. The user has to enter the details of the consignment and the waybill will be generated in a PDF format. Address Book: This feature comes with the online waybill generation module. The Address Book can be accessed by all credit customers of Blue Dart. You can create a new address list and modify or delete the addresses at any point of time. 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 (21) Case Study Case Study Nikon Focuses on Supply Chain Innovation— And Makes New Product Distribution a Snap Top consumer goods manufacturers now recognize that success requires more than just making market-leading products. Having the right distribution network is just as critical. Nikon Inc. is the world’s leader in precision optics, 35mm and digital imaging technology. So it’s no surprise that when the company saw the next big trend in photographic technology—digital cameras—they were ready to deliver with some of the most advanced product designs in the marketplace. But to ensure that retailers could meet the demand of tech-hungry consumers and professional photographers, Nikon, with the help of UPS Supply Chain Solutions, reengineered its distribution network to keep them well supplied. Client Challenge: To support the launch of its new digital cameras, Nikon knew that customer service capabilities needed to be completely up to speed from the start and that distributors and retailers would require up-to-the-minute information about product availability. While the company had previously handled new product distribution in-house, this time Nikon realized that burdening its existing infrastructure with a new, demanding, high-profile product line could impact customer service performance adversely. In our business, it’s not enough just to produce leading-edge products,† said Arnold Kamen, Nikon’s Vice President of Operations and Customer Service. â€Å"Having the ability—and visibility—to predict how much merchandise is (22) available and when it can be distributed makes the difference in staying ahead of customers’ needs. † For Nikon, that meant applying its well-known talent for innovation to creating an entirely new dis tribution strategy and taking the rare step of outsourcing distribution of an entire consumer electronics product line. With UPS Supply Chain Solutions on board, Nikon was able to quickly execute a synchronized supply chain strategy that moves product to retail stores throughout the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean, and allows Nikon to stay focused on the business of developing and marketing precision optics. Our Solution: Starting at Nikon’s manufacturing centers in Korea, Japan and Indonesia, UPS Supply Chain Solutions manages air and ocean freight and related customs brokerage. Nikon’s freight is directed to Louisville, Kentucky, which not only serves as the all-points connection for UPS’s global operations, but also is home to the UPS Supply Chain Solutions Logistics Center main campus. Here, merchandise can either be â€Å"kitted† with accessories such as batteries and chargers, or repackaged to in-store display specifications. Finally, the packages are distributed to literally thousands of retailers across the U. S. , or shipped for export to Latin American or Caribbean retail outlets and distributors, using any of UPS’s worldwide transportation services to provide the final delivery. 23) With the UPS Supply Chain Solutions system in place, the process calibrates the movement of goods and information by providing SKU-level visibility within complex distribution and IT systems. UPS also provides Nikon advance shipment notifications throughout the U. S. , Caribbean and Latin American markets. The result: a â€Å"snap shot† of the supply chain that rivals the performance of a Nikon camera. Nikon has already seen the results of its innovation in both digital technology and product distribution. The consumer digital camera sector is one of Nikon’s fastest growing product lines. In addition, supply chain performance and customer service are measurably improved. Products leaving Nikon manufacturing facilities in Asia can now be on a retailer’s shelf in as few as two days. While products are en route, Nikon also has the ability to keep retailers informed of delivery times and to adjust them as needed, so that no retailer needs to miss sales opportunities due to lack of product availability. UPS Supply Chain Solutions is forging a broad spectrum of creative solutions to support the Nikon supply chain, including logistics, transportation, freight and customs brokerage services. Synchronizing those pieces to work together gives Nikon a significant advantage in leveraging the competitive strengths of UPS Supply Chain Solutions. â€Å"Through a combination of UPS services, we have been able to greatly shorten our supply chain,† Kamen said. â€Å"Although we are achieving greater speeds, we have better visibility of our products, which enables us to provide a higher level of service to retailers and ultimately, the final customer. † Once (24) again, Nikon leads the market in leveraging the latest developments in technology. â€Å"Thank You†