Project Make Your Own French Vocabulary Flash Cards

Studying endless lists of French vocabulary can get tedious, and it doesnt do language students or their teachers any good. One way to make learning vocabulary more interesting and interactive is with flash cards. Theyre so easy that anyone can make them, and they can be a fun project for students of all ages and levels.  Heres how its done. Project: Making French Flash Cards Instructions Choose your cardstock: Index cards or fun, colored  cardstock paper, which is thicker than standard writing paper but not as thick as poster board. If youre using cardstock, cut it into 10 index-card-size rectangles, or as many as you need. For a bit of a challenge, try using  flashcard software  to make more professional-looking flash cards.Write a French word or phrase on one side of the card and the English translation on the other.Keep a pack of flashcards organized with a rubber band, and carry them in your pocket or purse. Customization Vocabulary:  Separate sets of flashcards according to themes (restaurants, clothing, etc.) versus a single master grouping.Expressions: Write the main word on one side and a list of its expressions on the other.Abbreviations: Write an abbreviation (such as AF) on one side and what it stands for ( Allocations  families) on the other.Creativity: If youre a teacher, you can make a set of flashcards to use in class, or you might consider asking your students to make their own. The cards can be made on the computer or by hand, using colors, magazine pictures, drawings and anything else that inspires students to think about French.Usage: Flashcards can be used in class, but they are also great to have when youre waiting at the doctors office, sitting on a bus or riding a stationary bike. Carry them with you so that you can work on your French during the time that would otherwise be wasted. Teachers and Students on Using Flash Cards I now use pictures to teach everything in my class from idiomatic expressions to verbs to nouns. You can get any kind of picture you need from Google Image Search. Its been a great resource for me so I dont always need to buy magazines to find pictures. Plus, the students learn what each action or item is in the target language without using English.Ive seen flash cards bound together with a large metal ring (the kind kids hang their sports patches on). They  can be found in craft stores and hardware stores for about $1. Each flash card was punched in one corner and then slipped onto this ring. What a great idea! No rubber bands or index card boxes to carry, and the card is fully visible: Its  a key-chain concept. I require my French 1 students to make cards for each chapter.I use flashcards for each chapter at almost every level. My students especially love playing au tour du monde, which involves one student standing next to another in his or her seat. I flash the word and the first student who correctly translates it gets to move ahead and stand aside from the next student. When the standing student loses, s/he sits in that spot and the winner gets to move on. Students move up and down rows, and the goal is to make it all the way back to where s/he started, a la around the world. Sometimes it gets pretty heated, but students love it! Another version is four corners, where four students stand in each of the four corners of my room. I flash a word and the first to correctly translate it gets to move counterclockwise and knock out that student who then sits down. The last student standing wins.Color coding flashcards work great. I use blue for masculine nouns, red for feminine, green for verbs, orange for adjectives. It really helps on tests to remember the color.

Poor Communication as a Source of Interpersonal Conflict

Poor communication is the main frequently cited source of interpersonal conflict. Individuals recently spend about 70 percent of their waking hours communicating by writing, reading, speaking and also listening. This is causing lack of effective communication. Meanwhile, good communication skills are demanding to career success. It is always been show that communication skills among the most like characteristics. Apparently, communication is one of the most important activities in human life and also with the organization. Communication is a â€Å"life† to existence, development and successful to organization. Communication happened to all organization stages. Upper manager will give direction to mid board. While that, mid board will having†¦show more content†¦This is based on especially what they must do, how well employee doing it, and how employee can improve if performance is ordinary. Work group is a primary source of social interaction for many employees. Commu nication within the group is a fundamental mechanism by which members show their satisfaction and frustration. So that, communication provides for the emotional expression of fulfillment and expression of social needs. The last function of communication is to simplify decision making. Communications contribute the information individuals and groups. It needs to make decisions by transmitting the data needed to identify and evaluate choices. Literally, every communication interaction take place in a group or organization performs one or more of these functions. To perform effectively, groups need to maintain form of control over counterparts, make decision choices, allow emotional expression and also stimulate to perform. There are few types of communication by organization. As an example, formal communication channels. It is a channel that can be found in chain command or job responsibility that has been set in organization. Usually, upward communication and also downward communication are the type that been used by an organization. However, nowadays there is a learning organization concept which is mean organization that pushed or stick to the lateral communication. There are three types direction of communication. Communication can flow literally orShow MoreRelatedTypes of Conflict in Organisations1434 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Identification and Resolution Name of Student Institutional Affiliation Conflict refers to the struggle or disagreement between people or parties with opposing principles or opinions. 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Note-Taking Method Free Essays

Any assignment that requires you to do research, will require you to take notes. The notetaking method you adopt is purely a personal decision. With the development of technology, there are more different methods used to take notes. We will write a custom essay sample on Note-Taking Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now In term of the media people applys, we can discuss three types of methods: handwriting, electronic note-taking, and copying materials. The handwriting method is a traditional way which takes much time and requires the audience listen to the speaker carefully. When writing the notes word by word on the spot, the audience may get much pressure and feel more tired, it demands them to focus on every words the speaker said, then pick up the points to write down. But th audience may learn more useful information at the same time, the efficiency is much higher. For example, the teacher is giving a lesson in the classroom, he lists some important points, and the students should listen to the teacher carefully, handwriting the notes. Electronic method is a new way coming to the note-taking world with the help of technology, including recording, taking photos, and so on. Pens, notebooks are coming to be replaced by voice recorders, camera, MP3, mobile phone and other electronic products. By this way, what the audience need to do is just recording in the beginning of the lecture, or take photos about some points in the blackboard and the Powerpoint. It reduces the burden of audience, and more convenient. However, it is difficult to require the audience to listen to the speaker carefully, they don’t need to grasp any points, they can do other things at the same time, just remember taking their electronic goods. A company invites an expert to give a lecture to its employees, he talks about some important thesis. The employee may record this speech and take some photos, which is enough for most of them. Copying materials means the audience may do nothing in the lecture, but they copy the speaker’s materials, or other audience’s notes after the lecture. They may choose to just listen to the speaker carefully, or pay litter attention to the whole lecture. This way is gradually adopted by some audience, especially when the lecture is tedious in their mind. There is litter burden for the audience, but also less gains. Because they may lose some important points, and the opportunity to experience with the speaker. From what we have discussed above, we may get a result is: no pains, on gains. We can’t deny the benefits brought by the technology, but we should learn to how to exploit them in right way. I prefer to handwrite notes, because I think it can motivate the audience to listen to the lecture carefully and learn how to pick up points. How to cite Note-Taking Method, Essay examples

Compare what McAuley and Patten suggest about love in “The Seduction” and “Wound Cream” Essay Example For Students

Compare what McAuley and Patten suggest about love in â€Å"The Seduction† and â€Å"Wound Cream† Essay Both poets use metaphors to suggest that being in love can cause pain. In â€Å"The Seduction†, McAuley says love can lead to hurtful feelings and problems which will stay for you forever, while in â€Å"Wound Cream†, Patten implies the desire for love can cause problems. McAuley uses a metaphor to describe the young girl’s emotions which is like a â€Å"septic wound†. This infers the hurt of the young girl is strong and a â€Å"wound† will always leave a â€Å"scar† and cause pain. The â€Å"scar† for the young girl is the baby that she will have, which she’ll have full responsibility over for the rest of her life – and she is only 15 years old – just like a â€Å"wound† leaves a â€Å"scar† it is with her forever. The pain for the young girl is the memory of the night where she had sex with the boy who let her down by leaving her. She also feels heartbroken because her dream was to have a â€Å"fairytale† relationship. Her â€Å"scar† which is her baby is a constant reminder of her perfect relationship that she wanted but now it’s over. We will write a custom essay on Compare what McAuley and Patten suggest about love in â€Å"The Seduction† and â€Å"Wound Cream† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She won’t have that fantasy anymore because now she has a child with no partner, which is not how the media portrays relationships to be. These stories and magazines influence young girls telling them they’ll find a man who will take care and love the woman. But this 15 year old girl is in pain and realises all she’s been fed are lies. The young boy she met and thought was her true love has left her in misery after he betrayed her the night she fell pregnant. On the other hand, Patten shows in â€Å"Wound Cream† that many people will go through sacrifices for a happy and perfect relationship. Patten explains people have a â€Å"hunger† for love and some of the things in the relationship or to have a relationship can be of their â€Å"undoing†. The poet uses a metaphor as them having a â€Å"hunger† for love. This means they’re desperate and craving for a good relationship mostly like the â€Å"fairytale† relationship. When people were younger and as they grow up, they are told and shown love stories which end in a â€Å"happily ever after† and this is their desire once they’ve grown up but in reality you can’t find something like this so this is their pain. They’re so in need for that love that Patten also says that lovers go through stages that are of their â€Å"undoing†. This tells us that people do many different, sometimes painful and even crazy things to get in to or make their relationship work. These things that they do or say are not what they’d normally do if they weren’t in love. For example, when you’re at the start of a relationship you’re on your best behaviour and you wouldn’t do a thing out of place, just to impress your partner, but as years pass, partners seem to break apart and then they’re more true to themselves and these changes hurt people. Overall, I think that love changes and sometimes destroys the person you are. In â€Å"The Seduction†, I think that McAuley used an effective metaphor and adjective because it linked to the young girl. It links well because â€Å"wounds† leave â€Å"scars† which last forever and a young girl has a baby which is an effect which will last her forever. Patten also uses metaphors to show good points such as when he says lovers sacrifice things to satisfy each other. However, I prefer McCauley’s metaphor because there are many reasons behind the girl’s pain and agony. You can tell because of how descriptive the metaphor is. .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e , .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .postImageUrl , .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e , .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:hover , .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:visited , .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:active { border:0!important; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:active , .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d7414f7638a9cacc2b7906f0bc0b69e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Do what you love and the money EssaySeptic† is a really strong word and you can almost imagine how hard it is for her. McAuley and Patten then go on to imply that love is promoted in a misleading way. In â€Å"The Seduction†, McAuley says that the media portrays love much more differently to how it is in reality, and this leads to misery; whereas Patten says the media shows all the advantages of being in love, but not any of the disadvantages. McAuley uses a metaphor to show the girls heartache after the young boy betrayed her and she realises she won’t have the perfect relationship that her magazines show. She knows she’s been fed lies to so she rips up her magazines â€Å"like confetti strewn†. This represents her sadness and possible anger because she’s been misguided. â€Å"Confetti† is used for celebrations, particularly at weddings. She might have ripped up the magazines in shreds and threw them life â€Å"confetti† because she wants that wedding with her true love – a wedding like the media portrays. The young girl knows she is stuck with a child and now it will be hard to find a man with a child because she is a single mother. Therefore she feels so angry, realising she has been misled so this is why she throws the paper like â€Å"confetti†, knowing that she won’t have the wedding or relationship that the magazines says she will. In â€Å"Wound Cream†, Patten tells us that there are ups and downs to being love or being in a relationship. He states that love is like a â€Å"media promoted fairytale; gutted of darkness†. This suggests that in the media, they influence us and give us the wrong idea of love by showing all the good points of love and not showing the problems that occur. People get the wrong idea of love because of the â€Å"media promoted fairytale† that we see. The â€Å"media† is mainly the films and the â€Å"promoted fairytale† is the relationship with the â€Å"happily ever after†. There are also gender roles whereby the man is always dominant and the woman is labelled as the dependant one. This misleads people and they feel betrayed from the â€Å"media† because they cannot have that â€Å"fairytale† relationship as reality is much more different. This misguide effects people a lot because they’ve had the mentality about these gender roles and â€Å"happily ever afters† because since birth to their pre-teen years they’ve been reading nursery stories and watching movies like â€Å"Cinderella† or â€Å"Snow White† where they have happy relationships with no downsides. This causes problems in later life because these stories influence them and then they feel betrayed and misled and realise it’s all lies when they can’t find a perfect relationship for themselves. Patten’s quote tells us the media does not show the disadvantages of a relationship because he says the media’s portrayed relationship is â€Å"gutted of darkness†. â€Å"Gutted† means to take away and â€Å"darkness† is a metaphor for the problems of the relationship. This represents that the media clears away and doesn’t show or the mention the problems between the couple which misleads people because they think a relationship or marriage has no problems to be dealt with. In conclusion, I think that McAuley chose a very good metaphor because the word â€Å"confetti† can relate and link to many problems of her situation. I think in â€Å"Wound Cream† Patten’s quote wasn’t very exact because not every story in the media portrays that love has a â€Å"happily ever after†. Only fairytales do but in many movies they don’t have happy endings. Patten could have made it clearer if he was talking about just fairytales or all types of media.

Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report Essay Example

Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report Paper Controlled Variable: The number of dominoes used (8 dominoes), the distance between the dominoes (2 CM), the loads used as the initial force applied on the amino (egg), the inclined plane used as a platform that will direct the load to hit the first domino (200), the stopwatch used to time the domino effect, the person using the stopwatch, the person releasing the metal weight from the top of the inclined plane, the ruler used to measure the distance between the dominoes. Equipment 1 Inclined Plane 1 (50 g) Metal Weight 4 x 8 (20 g) Metal weight 8 Dominoes (Nun Stacks) 1 Digital Mass Balance (i 0. 1 g) 1 Masking Tape 1 Protractor 1 Ruler 1 Stopwatch (Â ± 0. 01 s) -34290039687500Diagram Analysis of Variables Independent Variable: The mass of the dominoes will vary ranging from 12. 38 g to 82. 38 g. The increase between each of the variable will be constantly 20 g, to satisfy the range of the mass; the original mass of the domino is 12. 38 g, and an additional mass from a 20 g of load will be attached on top of the domino for every change in variable. Dependent Variable: In accordance to the mass for every variable, the time taken of the domino effect to be completed (1st hit to the 8th fall) will also differ. Therefore, the time taken of the domino effect will depend on the change of mass of the dominoes. A stopwatch will be utilized to record the time of the chain of falling dominoes. Controlled Variable: Identified Variables Possible Impact on Results Specific Method for Control Distance between each center point of domino (2 CM) If the distance between each center point of domino differs for every domino in each trial, the time taken of the falling effect will also differ. Making the distance between each domino the same will create the energy transfer from one domino to another domino to be the same as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The energy transfer will take a certain time, therefore the stance between each domino must be kept constant so that the time taken will not be altered, thus creating a consistent and valid data. The distance between the dominoes (2 CM) will be measured with a 15 CM ruler. To ensure the exact placement of the domino, a masking tape will be used to mark the center point. Number of dominoes (8) The difference in the number of dominoes used for each trials will definitely affect the time taken to complete the domino effect. The greater the amount of dominoes used, the longer the time taken to complete the effect. Similarly, using a smaller amount of domino results in faster falling time. Thus using inconsistent number of dominoes will likely cause invalid comparison between data points to occur. 8 dominoes will be used for the entire experiment. Mass of the metal weight (500 g) If the mass of the metal weight is different, this will affect the initial force acting upon the domino, and ultimately this will increase or decrease the rate of the falling domino, or it might not even budge the dominoes at all. The same metal weight will be utilized for he entire experiment. Angle between the base and the inclined ramp (200) The angle of the ramp also impacts the placement of the metal weight that acts as the trigger to push the dominoes. If the angle of the ramp is not kept constant, the potential energy stored in the metal weight will be different, thus when it is set into motion, the force that will hit the domino will not be the same. This will then interfere the consistency of the data. The angle of 200 will be set by using a protractor. Type of inclined plane Even though friction is neglected in his experiment, by using a different type of inclined plane, the acceleration of the metal weight will be slightly modified, thus the initial force exerted by the metal weight on the domino will also be altered. The same wooden plane will be utilized for the entire experiment. Starting point of the metal weight If the starting point of the ball is inconsistent, the force applied on to the dominoes will also be inconsistent, thus altering the overall data. The place where the ball will be released will be marked by a masking tape. Placement of the dominoes In order to ensure that the domino effect will move smoothly without any obstruction, the dominoes must be placed neatly in a straight line. This will avoid interruption for the time taken for the domino effect to be completed. A ruler will be used to ensure that the dominoes are placed in a straight line. Digital Mass Balance Different digital measurement tools have different calibration. Therefore, it is a crucial aspect to use the same digital mass balance for every trial because this will help create a trend in the data that is accurate and precise.

Paradox of Meiji Restoration and Modernization essays

Paradox of Meiji Restoration and Modernization essays Paradox of the Meiji Restoration and Modernization Japan is a society whose culture is steeped in the traditions and symbols of the past: Mount Fuji, the tea ceremony, and the sacred objects of nature revered in Shintoism. Two of the most important traditions and symbols in Japan- the Emperor and Confucianism have endured through Shogunates, restorations of imperial rule, and up to present day. It can be argued that the leaders of the Meiji Restoration used these traditions to gain control over Japan and further their goals of modernization. The Meiji leaders used the symbolism of the Emperor to add legitimacy to their government, claiming that they were ruling under Imperial Will. They also used Confucianism to maintain order and force the Japanese people to passively accept their rule. As a result, the use of Confucianism and the Emperor to bolster the Imperial restoration laid the foundation for a paradox of state affairs. The system that sought to strengthen Japan through the use of modern technology and modern organization met hods was using traditional values to further its goals. The Meiji leaders realized that they needed to harness the concept of the Imperial Will in order to govern effectively. The imperialist opposition claimed that the Tokugawa Shogunate had lost its imperial mandate to carry out the Imperial Will because it had capitulated to Western powers by allowing them to open up Japan to trade. The fact that the Tokugawas policy of opening up Japan to the western world ran counter to the beliefs of the Emperor and was unpopular with the public made the Tokugawa vulnerable to attack from the Imperialists. As a result, the great military regime of Edo, which until recently had been all powerful was floundering not because of military weakness, or because the machinery of government had broken, but because the Japanese public and the Shoguns supporters felt they had lost the Imperial Will The ...

H R Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

H R - Essay Example Therefore, Job analyst, specification and selection of people become an important part in the hiring cycle. Furthermore, these are now turn into a vital stage of company development and improvement. Over an over, hiring become a strategic analysis in which the overall strategy (growth, consolidation, diversification, etc), key human resources needed to achieve strategy & workforce characteristics and behaviors required of key human resources are planed & discussed ahead of time. In this report, we will discuss the different stages of hiring a new staff on board and how to make the right choice of getting the right person on-board. We will also look at how strategic human resource manager could provide useful to the board of management as to maximize company efficiency and profitability. From a manager stand point, hiring is not just about finding a candidate to ill in the job vacancies, but also about how to help company to find the best person to join. As a result, this is a process to increase team efficiency & hence become more productive and leads higher profitability. In fact, it is very costly to have the wrong person in the job and to have to replace them. The critical factor in assuring manager makes the right employee selection for hiring or promotion or lateral move is the ability to accurately predict the cultural & soft skill fit of the candidates with the job and at the same time, it is the line manager role to think of the hard skills needed on the job, that is job analyst and its another strategic plan for companies to attract potential talent person to join the team (Youndt, 1996). The line manager must clearly identify the kind of job responsibility he needs for the team and the types of person he wants to fit in the role. Also, the qualification of the candidates and the source of the applicants are also very critical decision making process for line

War as Threat to Value of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

War as Threat to Value of Life - Essay Example There was a time when war had been the order of the day, and warriors used to be looked with great reverence and admiration. Somehow, the two Great Wars of 20th century have realized the people the fatal aftereffects of the bloodshed and aggression, where hundreds of thousands of people died and turned wounded and disabled, along with the reversal of financial and scientific achievements man had invented and devised after the hard efforts of many decades. Hence, wars brought ruination to progress, prosperity, unity and moral values, and crush all ethics and quality of human life under their chariot wheels. It is fact beyond suspicion that the history of war is as old as the history of human arrival on the very face of the earth. â€Å"Distinguished philosopher Immanuel Kant emphatically argues that the state of peace among the people living side by side and remaining in constant interaction with one another cannot be remained peaceful, as it is in the nature of man to contain differ ences with other fellow-beings. It is therefore it is war rather than peace which could be stated as the natural one.† (Porter, 2003: 310) One of the most imperative reasons behind the aggression and antagonism against others includes the innate avaricious nature of humans, which urges them to take the life of the rival out of the feelings of envy, jealousy, anger and fear. It is therefore the individuals and nations attack their opponents in order to deprive them of the privileges they have obtained. The Old Testament also narrates the tale of the Abel’s murder at the hands of his real brother Cain, who was killed because of God’s favor upon him in the form of the acceptance of Abel’s sacrifice. (Genesis 4: 1-17) Thus, the flow of first human blood on the earth paved the way towards the series of killings, assassinations, bloodshed and wars for the future generations to come. However, it was an individual enmity that resulted into fratricide; as the human s are still busy in killing their brethren for the last several centuries, yet their lust of dominating over other individuals has witnessed no satiety at all. History demonstrates the very reality that the wars are commenced, inflicted and fought in the sacred name of religion, justice, peace, solidarity, freedom and human rights, where war mongers destroy human societies, cultures and civilizations just to acquire pelf, power, prestige and possession. It is therefore the warfare inflicted upon humanity during ancient Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and Medieval eras just meant to subjugate the weak neighbors in order to snatch their wealth and resources by killing their men, enslaving their women and annexing their territories to their own countries. The European scramble for Asia and Africa during 17th century onward also reflected the brutality and butchery exercised by the big powers upon the weak and defenseless humans just to declare themselves as the world power. The recent war

An Employee Refusal to Work Overtime Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

An Employee Refusal to Work Overtime - Case Study Example In this case a company has increased the number of working hours of an employee named Gryzmisk to six hours and he has refused to accept the increase in hours and in turn the supervisor has sanctioned him to a 1 day suspension. The acceptance and rejection of the offer of increase in hours of work is dependent on mutual agreement between the employer and the employee. The employee has obtained assistance from the union and the union is backing him up in this case. During the negotiations between the union and the company the company has said that the increase in number of hours cannot be changed because it is for a specific period of time. As an arbitrator I would have provided a solution that is best in the interest of the company as well as the employee. First I would have negotiated with the employee that the extra hours are essential for the growth of the company and in turn it would even benefit the employee in the long run as these extra hours would add to the productivity of the organization and would help in the growth of the organization which will eventually help the employee. On the other hand I would have negotiated with the employers for additional benefits in the short run and in the long run for the employee. In the short run I would have asked the employers to not only pay the per hour rate to the employee, I would have asked the employer to increase the per hour rate for each extra hour worked by the employee. Secondly, I would have asked the employers to provide him certain bonus or promotion.

Slump Test With Relevant British Standards

Slump Test With Relevant British Standards Describe the slump test in accordance with relevant British Standard and indicate why it is an important test. How would concrete workability be determined if the concrete is required to be very dry? In accordance with relevant British Standards (BS EN 12350-2:2009), the slump test is important as it determines the consistency of fresh concrete. The fresh concrete is compacted into a mould in the shape of a cone. When the cone is withdrawn upwards, the distance the concrete has slumped provides a measure of the consistency of the concrete. This is the basic principle of the slump test. The sample of the concrete is obtained in accordance with BS EN 12350-1(British Standards Institute, 2009a). When undertaking the task of the slump test, the mould and base plate are dampened and the mould is placed on the horizontal base plate. During filling of the mould, it is held firmly against the base plate by clamping in place or by standing on the two foot pieces. The mould is filled in three layers, each approximately one-third of the height of the mould when compacted. Each layer is compacted with twenty five strokes of the tamping rod. The strokes are uniformly distributed over the cross section of each layer. For the bottom layer the rod is slightly inclined and positioned approximately half the strokes towards the centre. The first layer is compacted throughout its depth, taking care in not striking the base. The second layer and the top layer are compacted throughout its depth, so that the strokes just penetrate into the immediately underlying layer. In filling and compacting the top layer, the concrete is heaped above the mould before tamping is started. If the tamping operation of the top layer results in subsidence of the concrete below the top edge of the mould, then more concrete is added to keep an excess above the top of the mould. After the top layer has been compacted, the surface of the concrete is struck off by means of a sawing and rolling motion of the compacting rod (British Standards Institute, 2009b). Subsequently, the spilled concrete is removed from the base plate. The mould is removed from the concrete by raising it carefully in an upwards direction. Immediately after removal of the mould, the slump is measured and recorded by determining the difference between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of the slumped test specimen as shown in figure 1. The consistency of a concrete mix changes with time. This is due to hydration of the cement and loss of moisture. Thus, tests on different samples should be carried out at a constant time interval after mixing, if comparable results are to be obtained (Wikipedia, 2010a). The test is only valid if it yields a true slump. This is the slump in which the concrete remains substantially intact and symmetrical as shown in Figure 2(a). If the specimen shears, as shown in Figure 2(b), another sample is taken and the procedure repeated. If two consecutive tests show a portion of the concrete shearing off from the mass of the test specimen, then the concrete lacks the necessary plasticity and cohesiveness for the slump test to be suitable. This is why the slump test is important and appropriate for concrete mixes of medium and high workability concrete. There are other tests to establish workability of concrete. If the concrete is required to be very dry, then this will depend on the water/cement ratio (w/c) of the mixture which has a control over the final properties of the concrete. Selection of a w/c ratio gives the engineer control over two desirable properties. These are strength and workability. A mixture with a high w/c will be more workable than a mixture with a low w/c i.e. it will flow easier. The less workable the mixture, the stronger the concrete will be. The water/cement ratio needs to be about 0.25 to complete the hydration reaction. Typical values of w/c are between 0.35 and 0.40 because they give a good amount of workability without sacrificing a lot of strength (Concrete, 2010). The vebe test is appropriate for concrete mixes of low and very low workability. This method is a mechanised variation of the slump test and determines the workability of concrete. The concrete is subjected to vibration after removal of the slump cone. It is then mounted upon a vibrating table operating at a fixed amplitude and frequency. The time to complete the required vibration gives an indication of the concrete workability. The vebe test is done in accordance to BS EN 12350-3:2009 (British Standards Institute, 2009e). Workability of fresh concrete and the fluidity of the concrete at different water/cement ratio will affect the casting and finishing of the concrete specimen. Strength of the concrete will also be affected. Concrete workability can be determined by many methods. This includes confined flow test methods e.g. compacting factor test, free flow test methods. These methods include slump test and vibration test methods e.g. the vebe test as previously mentioned (ELE International, 2010). (816 Words) In concrete mixing, describe briefly the mixing procedure. Why concrete is being mixed in dry state for 60s first, then after water is added and further mixed for 90s? Concrete is formed by mixing cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water. This is with or without the incorporation of admixtures and additions, which develops its properties by hydration of the cement. Mixing the water with the cement glues the aggregate together, fills voids within it, and allows it to run more easily. The object of mixing concrete is to coat the surface of all aggregate particles with cement paste and to blend all the ingredients of concrete into a uniform mass. This uniformity must not be disturbed when discharging from the mixer (Neville, A. M, 1981a, p226). With concrete, there is an inclination on site to mix it as quickly as possible. It is therefore important to know what the minimum mixing time necessary to produce a concrete uniform in composition and of satisfactory strength. The time varies with the type of mixer and number of revolutions which is the criteria for adequate mixing and not essentially the mixing time. The are three main options for mixing concrete. These options are mixing by hand, which is probably only suitable where less than about  ¼m ³ of concrete is required; using a cement mixer, which is generally suitable where between about  ¼m ³ and 2m ³ of concrete is required; and finally buying in ready mix for jobs requiring more than about 2m ³ of concrete which is best and cost effective to buy in a lorry load of ready mixed concrete. The above quantities are only rough guidelines (Practical DIY, 2010). With mixing concrete, the mixing procedure includes the loading method, the discharge method, the mixing time, and the mixing energy. The loading method includes the order of loading the constituents into the mixer and also the duration of the loading period. The duration of this period depends on how long the constituents are mixed dry before the addition of water and how fast the constituents are loaded. The loading period is extended from the time when the first constituent is introduced in the mixer to when all the constituents are in the mixer. Dry mixing is the mixing that occurs during loading but before water is introduced. Wet mixing is the mixing after or while water is being introduced, but still during loading. This means that materials are introduced any time during the loading period: all before the water, all after the water, partially before and partially after. The loading period is important because some of the concrete properties will depend on the order in which t he constituents are introduced in the mixer. The discharge from the mixer should be arranged so that it increases productivity and it does not modify the homogeneity of the concrete (Concrete-Catalog, 2010). Figure 3 shows the relationship between the range of strengths of the specimen made from the given mix after a specific mixing time. Figure 3 is based on Shalons tests. It shows how compressive strength is affected by the mixing time. It also shows the minimum, mean and maximum values (Neville, A. M, 1981b) Figure 4 shows the same tests but plotted as a coefficient of variation against mixing time. From the graph it shows that mixing for less than sixty seconds and ninety seconds produces a noticeably more variable concrete. Prolonging the mixing time beyond the values results in no significant improvement in uniformity. (Neville, A. M, 1981c) This would suggest why the mixing process is no less than sixty seconds and ninety seconds for each process e.g. when mixing the dry state for sixty seconds then adding water and mixing for a further ninety seconds. Figure 5 shows the results of Abrams tests. It shows how the average strength of concrete also increases with an increase in mixing time. The rate of increase falls quickly beyond one minute and is not significant beyond two minutes with sometimes a slight decrease in strength been observed (Neville, A. M, 1981d). This would suggest why concrete is mixed in dry state for sixty seconds first as the strength falls quickly beyond this and why after water is added it is mixed for a further ninety seconds. This is because the strength increase would not be significant beyond this time with a slight decrease in strength observed as stated earlier. The influence of mixing time from thirty seconds to one minute permits a saving in the cement content of as much as thirty kilograms per cubic metre. This was calculated by Shalon which shows how within the first minute the influence of mixing time on strength is of significant importance. This would assist the fact why the concrete is mixed for sixty seconds first. Thus saving cement content which would have an effect on strength as well as cost. With the concrete being mixed in a dry state for 60 seconds, then water added and further mixed for 90 seconds, there are no universal rules in the order to add the water and concrete. This can depend on the properties of the mix and the mixer. The mixing time is from the time all the solid materials have been put in the mixer. When a dry mix is used however, it is necessary to feed some water and the coarse aggregate as otherwise the surface does not become adequately wetted. If the coarse aggregate is not present to begin with then sand or the cement could become stuck in the mixer. If the cement or water is fed too fast then balls may form. Normally, a small amount of water should be fed first followed by the materials. These are, if possible fed simultaneously into the mixer. The greater part of the water should be fed during the same time if possible with the remainder fed after the solids (Neville, A. M, 1981e). With stiff mixes, it is found to be suitable to feed the sand first, part of the coarse aggregate, cement, then the water and lastly the remainder of the coarse aggregate to break up any round masses of mortar (Neville, A. M, 1981f). (1,022 Words) Describe different ways to be applied to cure concrete on site Curing concrete on site can be done using many methods. These include retaining formwork in-situ, constant fog spraying, ponding, polythene sheet, steam cure, hydrothermal processes and surface applied materials. Fogging during and after placing and finishing also helps minimize plastic cracking in concretes with very low water-cement ratios. This is especially around a water-cement ratio of 0.30 or less (Curing Concrete, 2010). Ponding as a curing method is easily done. A waterproof wall is needed to form around the concrete, using either the form the concrete was poured into, or a wall of sandbags. Once the wall is formed, the concrete is flooded with water. The added moisture from the flood will keep the concrete from drying out before the bonding process is completed (E-How, 2010). Airtight polythene sheeting is an efficient way of preventing moisture loss. It should be placed on a concrete slab as soon as the concrete is hard enough to prevent surface damage or marking. With sprayed membranes, these are designed to form a superficial seal on the concrete, preventing water evaporating. Although some prevent subsequent adhesion of screeds or applied finishes (BRMCA, 2010a). Steam curing is a process for hardening concrete that involves exposure to warm steam. Steam curing requires a fraction of the time involved with traditional curing and quickly strengthens the products so they can be used immediately (Wisegeek, 2010). (218 Words) Why is curing important? Curing is important to prevent concrete from drying out too soon. Well cured concrete is stronger, more resistant to chemical attack and traffic wear. It is also more watertight with curing. It withstands freezing and abrasion better with the processes of curing. Most curing is done by using polythene sheeting or a sprayed membrane. Leaving the formwork in place is also possible, except for slabs, where the large surface area will soon dry if left unprotected. Curing should always start before the concrete begins to dry out and continue for a period depending on the strength gain of the concrete. Poor curing will result in poor concrete, lower strength, lower durability, dusty surface and a weaker surface (BRMCA, 2010b). To obtain good concrete it must be cured in a suitable environment to allow the concrete to achieve its strength. Hydration and hardening is critical for the first three days. Curing is important In order for sufficient heat and humidity to be maintained within the mix during hydration. Curing allows concrete to achieve its strength, minimise cracking, minimise shrinkage and prevent losses of water. Well cured concrete has better surface hardness and therefore is more watertight. Concrete needs to be cured under controlled temperature and humidity in order to obtain good concrete (Wikipedia, 2010b). As previously discussed, sufficiently cured concrete will exhibit greater durability, wear resistance, and gain strength faster. Cured concrete will also have better resistance to freeze thaw damage. Improperly cured concrete can be subject to plastic shrinkage cracking (loss of moisture from fresh concrete) and drying shrinkage (loss of moisture from concrete that has set) among other undesired side effects (All Concrete, 2010). Curing is of particular importance on horizontal surfaces; dry, hot or windy conditions; wear resistant floors; and high strength floors. Abrasion resistance is dependent on good curing but also relies on other factors (Newman, J and Choo, B, 2003). (301 Words) Discuss the use of recycled concrete aggregate in concrete Recycled concrete aggregate is aggregate resulting from the processing of inorganic material previously used in construction and principally comprising crushed concrete (British Standards Institute, 2006). The process of recycling of concrete is a fairly straightforward process. It involves breaking, removing, and crushing existing concrete into a material with a specified size and quality. The quality of concrete with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is dependent on the quality of the recycled material used. If there is reinforced steel and other embedded items, these must be removed, and care must be taken to prevent contamination by other materials that can be difficult, such as asphalt, soil, chlorides, glass, paper, plaster, wood etc. The removal of the contaminants is done through selective demolition, screening, air separation and size reduction which is done in a crusher to aggregate size. After this, the crushed concrete can be used as new concrete for pavements, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, structural grade concrete and also bituminous concrete (Concrete Technology, 2010). The use of recycled concrete material (RCM) as an aggregate substitute in pavement construction includes its use in granular and stabilized base, engineered fill and Portland cement concrete pavement applications. Other applications include its use as an aggregate in flowable fill, hot mix asphalt concrete and surface treatments. To be used as an aggregate, RCM must be processed to remove as much foreign debris and reinforcing steel as possible as discussed previously. Reinforcing steel is sometimes removed before loading and hauling to a central processing plant. Most processing plants have a primary and secondary crusher. The primary crusher breaks the reinforcing steel from the concrete and reduces the concrete rubble to a maximum size of 75 mm to 100 mm. As the material is conveyed to the secondary crusher, steel is removed by an electromagnetic separator. Secondary crushing further breaks down the RCM, which is then screened to the desired grade. To avoid inadvertent segregation of particle sizes, coarse and fine RCM aggregates are stockpiled separately (TTHRC, 2010). Recycled concrete aggregates can be used in many things. With bitumen bound materials, recycled concrete aggregate can be used in a variety of base course and binder course mixtures. In concrete, recycled concrete aggregate is permitted for use in certain grades of concrete. In pipe bedding, a suitably graded recycled concrete aggregate is used. In hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) recycled concrete aggregate can be suitable for use in HBMs with suitably graded recycled concrete aggregate used as a subbase. In capping, recycled concrete aggregate is suitable for capping applications and embankments. Suitably graded recycled concrete aggregate can also be used as fill (Wrap, 2010). With regards to RCA properties, research carried out in Australia indicates that in general, recycled concrete can be used as natural aggregate in ready mixed concrete with satisfactory performance for low grade concrete. There are also marginal differences in compressive strength and a 10% reduction in strength characteristics. The issues are due to drying shrinkage which is higher compared with natural aggregates as well as a 10% difference in tensile properties (Guy R. Woolley, 2000). Waste arising from construction and demolition constitutes one of the largest waste streams within the European Union and many other countries. Construction demolition waste has become a global concern which is why a sustainable solution is needed. This is why recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) should be promoted, although the aggregate for concrete applications must meet the requirements set in relevant specifications for its particular use. Recycling and reuse of demolition waste may not always be economic or practical and in some cases may be impacted by the external issues i.e. regulatory and planning controls. If the construction industry and its need for aggregates are considered, then recycling of concrete would give both economic and environmental benefits as well as making the construction industry more sustainable (M C Limbachiya et al, 2004). (673 Words)

Free Essays - Criticism of My Antonia :: My Antonia Essays

Criticism of My Antonia       My Antonia by Willa Cather is a novel based on the memories of the protagonist, Jim Burden. Many critics have criticized this novel, and have focused on such literary elements as symbolism, motif, and characterization. The strongest argument however is the one that states that the foundation of every element in the book is based on the personal memories of Willa Cather.    Many critics have discussed the symbolism in this novel. One symbol that some critics have discussed is the plow. It was said that the plow suggests a way of life that not only helps the land to flourish but the individual as well (Brown). Another symbol that many critics discuss is Marek Shimerda. The fact that Marek has webbed hands and feet sets him apart from the other "normal" children who seem to represent creativity and innocence (Shaw). The road that Jim Burden travels on is another symbol that critics focus on quite a bit. It is said that the road symbolizes the "road to destiny" that America itself takes. (Brown). Critics have also pointed out that the red dust that covers everything, the intense heat, the burning wind, the wilting oak groves, and the stifling vegetation represent oppression, paralysis, submergence, and loss of vitality (as in the old ways of life) as opposed to the alternatives of the new world such as discovery and recovery (Holmes).    One thing that many critics have discussed is that the plot of My Antonia revolves around the ideas of childhood and the fact that the structure of the novel is centered around scenes that have to do with children. This shows up in the beginning of the book as ten year old Jim is riding the train from Virginia to Nebraska; and at the end of the book when all of Antonia's children are around (Shaw). A contrasting motif to that of childhood is adulthood. Throughout the book, Cather describes how adulthood has many hardships as compared to the carefreeness of childhood.    Another element of the novel that critics spent a lot of time discussing is characterization. One critic pointed out the fact that many of the characters in My Antonia have imperfections in their physical appearance that seem to bring out the imperfections of society that exist, and put the ideas of "social perfection" on the back-burner (Randall).

Stress Management Among Working Womens in India

Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results inpsychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivationand increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such asreduced effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolatedand disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. Manycompanies have taken to consulting experts and professionals on ways toincrease connectedness and motivation of their employees. Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued atwork.These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secureat their jobs, translating into greater productivity. However, not all companieshave such measures in place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, itis up to you to make sure that you can cope with stress at your workplace, anduse it to help you work better. Here are 3 simple steps to help you with copingwith stress in the workplace. Step 1: Raising Awareness Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping thescales from positive to negative.This is important, as being able to identify signsof being stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leadingto disastrous consequences to your health and overall wellbeing. You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physicalor psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience anyof these reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negativeemotions, and if you are constantly worried.Step 2: Identify the Cause You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing the risein stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer 18 t o things beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues atwork. Internal stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we onlystart reacting to stress when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope. Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negativeemotions, or that are likely stressors.This will help you to identify the causes of your stress. Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change theway that we cope with it. Step 3: Coping with Stress In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calmyour mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in a positiveway. This can be through different methods, such as taking time off. If a situationis triggering your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself fromit. Go outside and take a walk to calm down.Alternatively, you can tryimplementing relaxation techniques such as deep b reathing. If it is an internalstressor, stop your thought process until you are able to deal with it logically. The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are notinstantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice themso that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed. (1. 2. 5) Stress Management Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to gobeyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out andplaguing us with anxiety attacks.Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-bodyexhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and theconditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget thatstressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable. 19 Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension,sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all resu lt in chronic healthproblems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervoussystems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked withstress.Like â€Å"stress reactions†, â€Å"relaxation responses† and stress managementtechniques are some of the body's important built-in response systems. As arelaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Somehormones released during the ‘fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replacethe lost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knottednerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't get relaxing and soothing situations withoutasking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations. Recognizing a stressor:It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many times,even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts toit internall y as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress. This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us throughsymptoms such as rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various bodyaches that something is wrong. It is important to remain attentive to suchsymptoms and to learn to cope with the situations. 20

Why South Africa must not bale Zimbabwe and why it would!

As Zimbabwe moves further and deeper into crisis, the world still looks on from a distance and utter mixed statements of condemnation and oddly so, admiration. Strengthened by the lack of consensus on the man-made crisis that Zimbabwe has come, Mugabe's government has continued to deal harshly with opponents in the urban areas by unleashing a so-called slams clearance programme dubbed ‘operation murambatsvina† which has left many homeless. To pacify the critics of this programme, operation garikai† has been muted to restore the vanquished hopes of Mugabe's victims. And for this, someone else other than Mugabe is expected to pay. Requests for an olive branch have been extended to many ‘friendly' or ‘neutral' countries, with south Africa and China topping the list. Observers have suggested that â€Å"Mugabe prefers the loan shark who demands no internal reforms, to the more accountable loan demanding reform. † In a letter to the editor (Business Day 26/07/05) Mark Wade contrasted the lack of facilities and skills to provide south Africans with decent housing, health care, social services, roads, city infrastructure – with the move to â€Å"give a banana republic dictator billions of our hard-earned rands to prop up a regime that has created the very policies that have destroyed his country. However, others view this as an opportunity to get Mugabe towing the ling suggesting that â€Å"now that South Africa seems poised to bale out Zimbabwe †¦ should finally pluck up the courage to extract maximum advantage for the people of that benighted country.† Such sentiments are reminiscent of those expressed when Mugabe won the controversial two-third majority making other observers suggest that, he would become a benevolent dictator and would want to show the world that he meant well also leaving behind a good legacy. More like teaching old dogs new tricks or like expecting sweet lemons? The basis upon which a loan must be extended to Zimbabwe must be based on the effect of the loan for the affected Zimbabweans. Will the loan enhance their lives and improve their access to services and human dignity. The answer to these questions is already obvious given a reading of the manner in which the Zimbabwean government has conducted itself. President Mbeki's argument that the loan would ensure that Zimbabwean problems do not spill into South Africa has surely passed its sell-by date. South African is already home to millions of Zimbabweans displaced by the ever-tumbling economy of that country. Mugabe claimed that he is in weekly contact with Mbeki and suggested that they share ideas. This revelation makes ‘quite diplomacy' a thing of the past and suggest that Mbeki is in complicity with Mugabe in the humanitarian crisis that has visited the people of that country. Anyone who has been following events in rural and urban South Africa would know about the spat of high intensity removals and evictions visited upon the urban and rural poors through South Africa's own version of shacks clearance programme. Poor and landless people have been evicted without notice and alternative land and accommodation. These people face daily evictions from bond housing and private buildings in an espoused â€Å"war on shacks that has seen the poor and landless moved from shack to shack.† Perhaps the most affected are the farm dwellers and farm workers community who face the most humiliating conditions from farm owners sanctioned by the Extension of Security of Tenure Act and the Labour Tenancy Act. Thabo Mbeki has failed to act decisively on these issues and the scourge of poverty has an unshakable impact on the masses of South African people. This makes Mbeki not different from Mugabe, and it would be hypocrisy for Mbeki to lecture on Mugabe on these rights which he has not been able to afford the poor. Bailing Zimbabwe means an endorsement of the irresponsible programmes of government that wrought the economic and social woes bedeviling the poor and masses. This extended from the irresponsible managed land reform, through to the dubious operation restore order. It is expecting too much to think that any amount of money put into a ZANU PF government's coffer would be put to any good use now. History does not judge Mugabe and his government well on this, especially since he embarked on the self-saving and apparently self-destructive route in the name of anti-imperialism and empowerment through land reform. The people of South Africa must look at more constructive, imaginative and creative ways of assisting the suffering masses of Zimbabwe. Bailing the Zimbabwe government is definitely not one of them.

Free Fall essays

Free Fall essays Objective: To measure the acceleration of gravity using a tape timer DC power supply Mass Piece Procedure: We started by calibrating the tape timer. We do this so that we know how long it takes for the hammer to strike down each time. We did this by starting the tape timer and pulling a sample piece of tape through it while someone timed how long it took for the tape to be pulled through. We did it three times, however, we never adjusted the voltage, as that would change the period of the timer. Afterwards, we counted the dots and found the average. The average that we found is the period of the hammer arm. Afterwards we found the period of the hammer it was time to measure the acceleration of gravity. We constructed a support to hold the tape time in the air (like the one above). We then ran a strip of paper through the time and attached a mass to it. We made sure that there was no slack in the paper, and that it could fall uninhibited to the floor. Then we started the tape timer and let the mass fall. Finally we measured the distance between the dots on the paper strip and recorded it in our data tables. Data: We used a ruler to measure the dots, and a ruler only measures to 1/10 of a cm (.1). We had to estimate to get the hundredth place. 1) Why would you have to remove the slack before letting the mass fall? A: We had to remove the slack before letting the mass fall because if we didnt, then the pa ...

Econometric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Econometric - Research Paper Example Conversely, economists, especially those in the Keynesian culture emphasize that the unexpected monetary policies are what have great impacts on the economic situation of any country. In relevance to the analysis on macroeconomics, one of the serious issue is the real influence of both unanticipated and anticipated monetary policy. A comprehensive study on the topics affirms to the relative significance that it receives. For quite some time, progress in both the theoretical and empirical fronts acted as a basis for an appropriate analysis on the effect of anticipated and unanticipated policy shocks in the real economic sector of a country. Similarly, the crucial transformation in the behavior of the policy of financial issues have significant consequences in the study of anticipated and unanticipated monetary policy since two decades ago. Targeting inflation requires that the central banks make public the inflation targets that they should be able to attain in a given duration. As a result, in regards to this context, the economic agents have the capability to undertake actions concerning anticipated monetary issues. Subsequently, this resulted to better accomplished expectations that gave rise to a substantial drop in both the level and unpredictability of inflation rate. This essay reexamines the debate on the actual consequences of anticipated and unanticipated policy shocks. The aim is to offer a well-founded understanding of this concern about the central banks. As a result, this will expectantly result to a better perception of the way that central banks are using towards a more approachable and effective behavi or of monetary policy. In addition, this article is structured as follows: the next section offers a short review of the literature on business cycle frameworks and the debate on anticipated and unanticipated monetary policy shocks. The third section

Corporate Compliance to Risk Management Research Paper

Corporate Compliance to Risk Management - Research Paper Example The framework proposed by COSO helps companies to develop a successful and effective plan which meets the requirements and risk areas stipulated by COSO. The bigger the risk is, the greater is the prospect for gain-and for loss. Risk management plays an important role for a Pre-Paid Phone Cards company allowing management to predict and foresee possible dangers and solutions. Strategic objectives of the risk management plan are to cover all areas of Pre-Paid Phone Cards service and reduce risk situations and their negative impact on the company. Operations objective is to recognize that when a task is being done for the first time, the risk of not achieving budget, schedule, or specification targets is substantial. Also, the nature of new technology is that its development faces more than the usual levels of uncertainty. Reporting objective is to meet the established procedure and report all risk satiations. Compliance objective is to respond effectively to rules and regulations, financial reposting and corporate laws (Broder, 1999). Identify risk. Financial department will routinely scan the organization's internal and external environment to surface risk events that might affect its operations and well-being. Through this process, they develop a good sense of the bad things they might encounter in projects and operations. Examine risk impacts, both qualitative and quantitative. After financial officers develop a sense of the risk events they might encounter in Step 2, systematically determine the consequences associated with their occurrence. Think through hard-to-measure consequences by means of qualitative analysis. Develop risk-handling strategies: Now that financial officers know what risk events they might encounter (Step 2) and the consequences associated with them (Step 3), develop strategies to deal with them. Monitor and control risks. As projects and operations are underway, financial officers need to monitor the organization's disk space to see if untoward events have arisen that need to be handled. If the monitoring effort identifies problems in the process, then steps should be taken to control them.  

Space program contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Space program contrast - Essay Example There is some speculation that spending more money on the space program in the United States is not wise when there are so many problems within this world. However, the Chinese have established an active space program, owed to the efforts of Qian Xuesen (Tsien Hsue-Shen), with the Japanese making efforts towards space, thus suggesting that the United States needs to continue technological advancements in order to continue to compete on many levels of national importance. In comparing the United States to China and Japan, an understanding of the US position in the space race can contribute to examining the future of the US space program. The first manned flight into space happened in in April of 1961 by Yuri Gagarin originating from the Soviet Union, with the first US manned space flight occurring on May 5 of the same year with Alan Shepard achieving that honor. The space race was occurring between the United States and the Soviet Union, a race that was as much about competing and dif fering ideologies as it was about national pride. The Americans spent 25.5 billion dollars to be the first on the moon, a promise that President Kennedy made to the public in saying that the US would put a man on the moon by the end of the decade.1 Despite the loss of President Kennedy in 1963, the American public would not be denied this dream and on July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong took the first known human steps onto the moon, winning this victory against the race that was being waged against the USSR.2 Japan has yet to put a man into space, but is entering into the race with a spirit of cooperation. Japan can give Dr. Hiteo Itokawa as the originating scientist who advanced their program which is now the third nation in spending on their program.3 As a cooperating member of the European Space Agency, Japan put in 2.6 billion dollars into the program in 2006, with Russia putting in 1.5 billion and India putting in 900 million in that year.4 The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, or JAXA has entered into a global effort to explore space, this being done as a result of the enormous costs of space exploration without cooperative global efforts. Japanese astronauts have gone into space with international groups, most recently astronaut Koichi Wakata being chosen to be part of a team to go to the international space station for the 38th/39th mission, having been on a previous mission in 2009 for four months.5 Japan provides an example of how global cooperation leads to national advantages in technologically challenging fields of interest. Cooperation does have its disadvantages for the United States. History has shown that collaboration ultimately ends up in a slowed pace on accomplishing goals and creates greater costs. When the International Space Station was being built, Russia was years late in delivering its hardware and NASA’s costs became out of control. In contributing only 5% of the total financial contribution, Russia has benefited from 40% of the facilities on the station and made billions through the sale of the hardware created to other nations.6 Cooperation with China has a larger problem then creating potential undo costs and delays for the United States. China does not provide transparency, which means much of its work in space technologies is kept as a national secret. Creating a sense of trust would be a difficult task, an issue that is vital to creating true collaboration. In September

The Teachings of Isaiah and Their Relevance to the Contemporary Reader Essay Example for Free

The Teachings of Isaiah and Their Relevance to the Contemporary Reader Essay Isaiah, 30. 21 Isaiah (meaning â€Å"the Lord saves†) was a prophet who lived in Jerusalem about 2700 years ago and is considered â€Å"one of the greatest figures in the prophetic series† (Blunt 1953: 49). Little information is known Isaiah the man, and what information exists is often contradictory or ambiguous. What Charpentier (1982) gathers from his writing is that he had a wife (known as the prophetess) and three children. Isaiah’s most famous prophecy was that of the birth of Jesus when he wrote, â€Å"Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:14) but his other writings are also often accredited with being some of the most accurate of all the prophets. So prominent is the reality that those who preserved a knowledge concerning Isaiah have done so with a sole interest in his message surely stresses its importance to the contemporary reader. Due to its geographical location between the strong nations of the Egyptians, Persians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans and Assyrians it was rare to have a time when Canaan was not under attack. What is more, after the death of Solomon the kingdom was divided in two, with Israel to the North and Judah to the south remaining under the rule of David. In 721 BC Assyria invaded from the north and conquered the northern capital Samaria. Therefore when Isaiah undertook his ministry in 736 BC, the year that Uzziah died, the north and south were divided, and soon after, the â€Å"northern kingdom was in turmoil† (Charpentier, 1982:20). It has been contested by many scholars (Clements Heaton)that the book of Isaiah has in fact been written by more than one person. This is due to the variations in writing style, tone throughout the book. Furthermore, at different parts of the book, the political situation Isaiah refers to seems to change, some information coming from a time after he was thought to have ended his ministry. Some claim that the book is merely a collection of teachings from numerous writers, but it is generally accepted that there were three main authors, due to the trio of defined preaching styles evident in the book. The author of the first section is known as â€Å"Isaiah of Jerusalem† in which the prophet denounces Israels prejudice and foolish trust in rituals, and he calls the people to repent. The second section, by Deutero-Isaiah is thought to encompass chapters 40-55 and refers to the time Isaiah’s people spent in exile in the sixth century BC. This period is after Isaiah had allegedly finished his ministry. The final section of the book spans the entire period from Isaiah’s call to ministry, to the return to Jerusalem after exile. Whilst these differences provide substantial evidence against a sole author, it must be noted that there are similarities throughout the book. Phrases are repeated and certain prophecies refer to messages in other prophecies. Therefore, the existence of more than one author can be seen as an advantage as wider time-frame has been covered, and yet the teaching has remained constant; by listening to God’s message you will receive his saving mercy. Judgement and redemption† (Clements, 1980: 17) are the core themes of Isaiah, but the manner in which this message is conveyed varies throughout. The chapters below outline the key focuses of Isaiah’s teachings and their relevance for today. The opening chapter serves to introduce Isaiah’s prophecies in an open and direct manner. From the very outset the tone is one of disappointment and anger as he presents the message from God, â€Å"I have nourished and brought up my children and they have rebelled against meâ⠂¬  (Isaiah 1:2). Isaiah, who was a strong supporter in the Davidic dynasty, used the term â€Å"Yahweh† (meaning â€Å"God of Israel†) throughout his writing, to convey the strength of his belief that Israel as a whole nation was God’s chosen people and so should not be divided. In this chapter he expresses his disgust at the division between North and South, and at King Ahaz’s acceptance of allegiance with Assyria at the expense of the Northern kingdom; â€Å"Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence. † (Isaiah 1:7). To him this signified movement away from their duty as the chosen people and thus deserted God. He condemns the people’s hedonistic acts such as corruption, excessive amounts of festivals and, â€Å"vain oblations† (Isaiah 1:13). What is more he warned that if the people did not change their ways, God would turn away from them and, â€Å"when ye make your prayers I will not hear them† (Isaiah 1:15). However, Isaiah made clear that not all was lost, and stressed that if they did repent, the people would receive forgiveness and though their â€Å"sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. (Isaiah 1:18). In short this chapter allows Isaiah to show the people the error of their ways and explain their need to repent. Just as the people of Judah and strayed from God’s message and become preoccupied with worldly ventures, today’s society is full of materialistic desires that can consume one’s attentions. Isaiah’s message is relevant to the contemporary reader in the sense that attending Church and participating in religious festivals is often viewed by today’s society as adequate in affirming one’s faith. However, it is the living out of God’s message daily that pleases God, such as helping others without the expectation of thanks, having an open mind and keeping true to your Christian values, especially when it is most difficult. In Chapter 6 Isaiah reveals how he was called to his ministry through a vivid vision of God. As this is the point when Isaiah is sent by God, his mission is clearly stated; that he must go to the people and make them understand God’s message so that they could â€Å"convert and be healed† (Isaiah 6:10). What is significant about this chapter is the tone of awe and wonder with which Isaiah speaks of God. This vision was sufficient to sustain him through the rest of his ministry, even when the people repeatedly refused to listen, as God knew they would. The strength of Isaiah’s faith should provide inspiration to any reader, contemporary or otherwise. Indeed this passage has inspired the prayer â€Å"Holy, Holy, Holy Lord† and hymn â€Å"Here I am Lord† for this very reason. As in chapter one, this chapter re-iterates the warning that judgement day will come and those who have not repented shall be punished. This passage further prophesises that there will be â€Å"a great forsaking in the midst of the land† but that â€Å"it [the people] shall return† (Isaiah 6:12-13). This refers to half a century the people would spend in exile before returning to Jerusalem late into the 5th Century BC. Today, due to technological and scientific advancements it has become more and more difficult to impress us as a society, but here Isaiah’s awe at the presence of God should remind us of the awesome power that one can barely begin to fathom. This teaching reminds one that it is not necessary to see to believe but that one should keep an open mind and heart to receive God’s message. What is more, just as when Isaiah was called he answered by taking action, today’s society is called too and each individuals actions can contribute to the attainment of a common goal, whether that be ending world poverty, caring for the environment or achieving world peace. Chapter 41, whilst allegedly from a different author continues Isaiah’s message with a noticeable change in tone. This can largely be attributed to the fact that at the time, the people of Jerusalem were in exile and thus the tone is one of comfort and reassurance. The God portrayed in this passage one of compassion and mercy, as the people are assured that â€Å"I have chosen thee and not cast thee away† (Isaiah 41:9). The people are given hope as Isaiah tells them that God knows the future will bode well for the Israelites; â€Å"Fear thy not†¦ for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee. † (Isaiah 41:10) This chapter also foretells the coming of the hero Cyrus who would free the Israelites by defeating Babylon. Today the contemporary reader can gain a sense of reassurance from this text that it is never too late to turn back to God and that regardless of past sins; true repentance will allow one to experience the saving mercy of God. What is more it teaches us that God knows what is to come and we must have faith to trust in him, even if sometimes it is difficult to understand how his mercy works. Regardless of arguments over the contributions of authors other than Isaiah to the writing of this book, I believe the message of Isaiah’s teachings (which are constant throughout the book) can be of value to contemporary readers. In fact the large time-span covered by the writings can only serve as advantageous as it allows us to see a people who in a time of relative peace had strayed from God’s message distracted by materialistic desires, then a people punished and in despair, but in the end a people with a hopeful future. This range of situations allows us to see God’s work from various angles, whilst the message of his saving mercy remains ever-prevailing. Such a message will remain of value to Christians throughout the centuries.

Opportunities To Cadbury Products In The Olympic City Marketing Essay

Opportunities To Cadbury Products In The Olympic City Marketing Essay Cadbury Plc. is a confectionary giant holding first or second positions in more than twenty of the worlds largest confectionary markets, with an exceptionally good portfolio of toffee, chocolate, energy drinks and other milk products. In 1824 a shop was opened by John Cadbury in Birmingham for the sale of chocolates some other cocoa products, thus begun the quest of Cadbury to conquer the taste buds of millions. In January 2010, Kraft Foods took over Cadbury Plc. Cadbury is the official treat provider of the 2012 London Olympic Paralympic games. This will give exclusive marketing opportunities to Cadbury products in the Olympic city. Cadbury has a very good reputation in the market, they believe in the business culture Doing good is good for business. Currently Cadbury functions in more than sixty countries around the globe with around 35000 suppliers and employee population of around 45000 people. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH This research report is done to discuss the influence on the decision making in marketing of the Cadbury Plc. by the macro environment for the last one year. SWOT PESTLE analyses on Cadbury Plc. were carried out to solve queries raised during the research. SWOT analysis will help Cadbury Plc. in decisions making processes in their future years. This research work also illustrates marketing strategies experimented by the Cadbury Plc. to ensure their position in the confectionary market. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND Head office of Cadbury Plc. locates in Middlesex, United Kingdom with organizational network coverage all around the globe. In confectionary industry Cadbury owns most trusted popular brands like Dairy Milk, Eclairs, Halls, Bourn Vita, 5 Star, Perk, etc. Cadbury products are available in over sixty countries in the World. Cadbury has a very strong momentum in its emerging markets such as India, Africa Middle East. In developed markets like UK US, Cadbury performs its robust growth without losing their market monopoly. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PLAN: Data Collection in investigative approach is performed as the research plan for this report. DATA GATHERING ANALYSIS: Sources of data is classified into Primary and Secondary sources of data. Primary sources are research papers or theories. In this research information are collected from secondary sources such as journals, management magazines, books from college library, websites. SWOT PESTAL analysis were carried out to solve some queries while dealing with the research. PROOF Macro environment has a good command over marketing decisions taken by an organization. In this case we are checking whether the macro environment has a positive impact on the marketing decision making of Cadbury or not and how. Macro environment deals with elements which stay outside the organization so management cannot control them. Macro environment consists of countless factors which can affect an organizations decision making, business strategies, product development altogether performance. Examples of some of these factors are variation in price, demographic factors, strategy of competitors, interest of the customers, economical factors, government orders, demand, supply, technical issues etc. PESTEL ANALYSIS: THE MARKETING OF CADBURY POLITICAL Political conditions of the area where the company market its product can affect the business of that particular organization greatly. Political uncertainty of the locality can disturb the business badly. Sometimes organizations can make use of the political situations to develop their business. Thus the political factors can sometimes harm the organization sometimes favour the organization. In UK the government is much concerned about the health issues of the people. Government spends millions of pound every year on health issues like obesity heart diseases. Chocolate can be a reason for above mentioned health disorders, the government is very strict in the implementation of food safety act. In 2002, Cadbury India Ltd. faced objections from political parties of India after telecasting the advertisement of their new brand, Temptations. Indian print politics accused, Cadbury is making advantage on Kashmir issue. So the company should have good awareness on all political issues which can affect their business to keep their reputation. ECONOMIC Monetary factors are another important feature which can decide the destiny of an organization in a society. Economic instability of the surroundings will question the existence of the organization. Organization may force to compromise on their policies with respect to their economic background and also according to the economic factors in the locality. Economic growth, fluctuating value of money, inflation or deflation can decide an organizations future. The recent global economic crisis affected Cadbury Plc. and their products like other industries. Company was forced to reduce their production as the consumption of confectionaries reduced in a large scale. Multinational companies like Cadbury cannot follow same pricing for same product all around the globe as the economic situations money value are differ with countries. A chocolate sold for  £1 in UK cannot be sold for the respective converted amount in India as people cannot afford the pricing. SOCIAL Peculiarities of the society such as culture, traditions, ethics, moral values, religion can make effect on an organization directly or indirectly. Chocolates are still a luxury material to the poor who work in cocoa plantations in Ghana. Chocolate consumers in poor countries are very less in number as people think consuming an expansive confectionary in a poor society is against their moral values. Veganism prohibits the use of animals for food, clothing, consumption of milk, egg, dairy products etc. Chocolate is a dairy product and thus chocolate is an abandoned food for Veganists. TECHNOLOGICAL Scientific research resulted technological advancement in production techniques with postmodern tools and machines. This helped conventional production methods to have an upgrade according to the demand. Introduction of new effective technologies will increase the product quality as well product quantity this will help the organization to achieve their goals objectives. Latest technology is a must in the field of food beverage producing companies. Cadbury always keep their eyes toward latest technologies which can be used in their organization. Effective advanced packing methods are adopted to keep their products unique among other chocolate products. Cadbury has a skilled technical team to develop advertisements for showing in Television, Internet other visual media. Cadbury also has a very good website with all details regarding their organization, products history. LEGAL Rules or laws by the government come under legal factors. Iimplementation of new business regulations or taxation by the government can make trouble to the organization; in other hand favourable moves from the government such as relaxation of taxes will helpful for the organization. Companies should follow government regulations laws strictly; violation of these rules will lead the company to have legal issues with the government. Other legal issues such as patent laws, quality maintaining health will also affect the wellbeing of an organization. In 2007 Wrigley filed a lawsuit against Cadbury in Australia; accusing Cadbury imitated patent protected hard-coated gum of Wrigley. Health of the citizens is a very important issue before the government. In 2003 a case was filed in Maharastra High court, India against Cadbury India Ltd. after confirming a worm infection in some batches of Dairy Milk. ENVIRONMENTAL Environmental issues natural factors directly affect the business production of an organization. Natural factors are unpredictable uncontrollable by an organization. Natural disasters like earthquake, fire, storm etc. can affect organizations in a very bad manner. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material. Cadbury Plc. use plastic covering to wrap chocolate products. After consumption of chocolates these wrappers are wastes and this pollutes the environment. Now the company is doing research regarding the use of Biodegradable plastic coverings as wrappers. Temperature is an environmental factor which can deform the shape taste of chocolate products. SWOT ANALYSIS ON CADBURYS MARKETING Identifying the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats is a very important task in every industry. SWOT analysis is an effective strategy which is commonly adopted by organizations in medium large levels. SWOT analysis plays a vital role in the prospective decision making of an organization. Company can work accordingly and come across a good result once they properly recognize the threats and opportunities. Strength of a company is the advantage they currently hold in the market. Identifying the weaknesses will help the company to take necessary steps to troubleshoot those failures. STRENGTH S Cadbury products are well recognized well known for their outstanding quality. Chocolate brands of Cadbury Plc. have a very good reputation in the business world. Maintaining good relationship with the customer is a must for any organization. Due to Cadburys excellent customer association and product innovation, Cadbury has lifelong customers who trust in the tag of Cadbury. Cadbury products are being marketed in over sixty countries, giving them the opportunity of having the largest marketing network in confectionary world. Cadbury is the official treat provider of the 2012 London Olympic Paralympic games. This will give unique privileges in marketing product reorganization as official Olympic brand to Cadbury Plc. products in future business. WEAKNESSES Cadbury products are pricier than local confectionaries. This will adversely affect the Cadbury products in poor economies some emerging markets. Public expectation of Cadbury products is very high; this fact may put the company in pressure. In UK production cost of Cadbury chocolates is higher as their manufacturing is done within the country. Errors in packing manufacturing processes cause microbial infections in chocolate products. Infection of Salmonella bacteria in Chocolate products is an example. Chocolate products are fatty, dietary options in chocolates are still unavailable. OPPORTUNITIES Cadbury currently operates around sixty countries with very good business reputation. Company has the opportunity to widen their business in new markets. Cadbury products have a great brand value customer satisfaction records, this will help the company to survive in critical situations. Cadbury is the leader in confectionary business for the last many decades; this reputation is helpful to expand their product range to food beverage industry other than confectionary business. Cadbury can take over other brands in their developed, emerging new markets. This will help the company to have advantage in business. E.g.: Cadbury took over Green Blacks the premium chocolate brand in May 2005. THREATS Cadbury faces threats from Nestle, their competitor in confectionary business. Cost of production, transportation raw materials are increasing day by day with respect to the economic uncertainty of the markets. Governments change laws / regulations for quality and production of food beverages companies. Implementation of these new laws makes the company to cancel proposed marketing plans. STUDY ON CADBURYS MARKETING OBJECTIVES PESTEL SWOT analyses can benefit Cadbury Plc. in their prospective decision making. SWOT analysis on Cadbury Plc. describes the current status of the company in confectionary market.